Potassium Dichromate

Cleaning products, chemicals, first aid supplies must be clearly and correctly labeled. Any substances that are deemed harmful such as irritants and toxic or corrosive substances must not be used unless a risk assessment has been carried out and a procedure in place for its use.

Before conducting the Activity Series Lab, participants must know how to protect themselves against the possible dangers that the hazardous materials from the lab can cause. Some of the things they must understand include proper safety precautions and how to protect against corrosive or poisonous materials. For instance, Copper (II) Chloride, one of the solutions used in the lab, can cause severe eye irritation. One way to protect against this is by wearing goggles, or other eye protection equipment. Another substance used in the lab is Silver Nitrate, a body tissue irritant. Participants must wash off the substance quickly if it comes into contact with their skin to prevent any serious damage. Not only is it vital to know how to be safe around the chemicals, but to fully understand the lab, participants must be able to recognize the clues to a chemical change.

In every kind of setting, the staff must be trained to use cleaning products safely and follow the CoSHH guidelines, we can often forget how hazardous some of the chemicals in certain cleaning products can be, and some cleaning products that we use daily can have corrosive substances in them, and can be harmful to human flesh. For instance if we washed down a hospital ward and did not follow these guidelines, the fumes could become toxic, as certain ones are not supposed to be mixed together. A product such as house hold bleach should not be mixed with products containing ammonia; this will release hazardous gasses into the air. Staff should always know to keep any kind of products safely away from service users, and they also always be kept in the original containers and packaging as some can easily be mistaken for something such as milk. All of these rules need to be followed in order to make

Based on the lab’s results, lipids are soluble in both Acetone and Methanol. However, they are more soluble in the Acetone, and only slightly soluble in the Methanol. Because of the chemical structures, this makes sense, since lipids are insoluble in polar solvents (like methanol), but are very soluble in non-polar organic solvents, such as acetone (Hunt).

Fatty acids are highly insoluble in water, even though they have a highly polar end, because they have a 18 carbon long chain. Long carbon chains can cause a molecule to be insoluble, even if it is extremely polar.

In 2005, a chemistry teaching lab accident at Texas Tech left three undergraduate students and one graduate teaching assistant injured after a waste bottle exploded. While a student had opened the container to pour waste inside, the glass bottle exploded due to an incompatible mixture of chemicals inside. This mixture was composed of an inorganic acid and an organic solvent. The written directions for the experiment failed to omit a step which used a nitric acid wash, despite having removing that part of the procedure years prior. After the explosion, the lab was evacuated and the Texas Tech Police Department and Lubbock Fire Department responded. Fortunately, all students and staff were wearing the proper protective garments (lab coats, goggles,

Some of the precautions taken by the healthcare workers in the film includes the use of proper personal protective equipment such as face mask, hand gloves, footwear, gown cap. They followed proper donning of the PPE and went further to disposed the used materials by burning them. Before the healthcare workers get in contact with the patients, they made sure that the PPE are wore and when exiting they are adequately disinfected with sodium hypochlorite [ bleach] before burning the materials. Also, the hospital and the environment were continuously disinfected, likewise the patients. Dead bodies were disinfected and properly bag out of the environment to prevent the spread of the virus to others.

IV medication may include giving the medication by rapid injection (push) into the vein using a syringe; this is called a bolus dose. One additive that must never be given as a direct IV bolus is potassium chloride. Potassium is an essential electrolyte which the body needs to function correctly. Potassium is works on the nerves and muscles in the body including the heart. As important as potassium is having too much potassium can be life threatening. Potassium’s role on the heart is to keep the heart beating at a normal rhythm. A bolus dose of potassium chloride may cause cardiac arrest within minutes if the dose is too high is the medicine is push in too quickly (Australian Prescriber, 2014).

results in decreased solubility) and ethanol (a polar solvent; the nonpolar target product will have limited

– it doesn’t necessarily have a strong effect on the water, but the surrounding marsh land can be significantly impacted by potassium nitrate. This is because potassium is a mineral commonly contained in fertilisers, which help the growth of plants. Its intended use is to increase crop yields but when washed into rivers or lakes it causes the problem of eutrophication. This is basically where the environment becomes enriched with nutrients. The increase of nitrate in the water would enhance algae growth, which creates a bloom over the surface of the water. This bloom prevents any sunlight from reaching other water plants, depriving them of oxygen and sunlight and eventually killing them. Bacteria then decomposes the dead plants and consumes

The physical properties of Gibbs free energy of formation, heat capacity, enthalpy of vaporization, and viscosity’s relationship to the number of carbon atoms of different straight chain alcohols will be analyzed using tables and plots. Straight chain alcohols are alkanes with a hydroxyl group attached to one end of the chain. The general formula for straight chain alcohols is displayed by the equation C_n H_(2n+1) OH. The amount of hydrogen atoms is equal to twice the amount of carbon atoms plus one, without the hydrogen atom in the hydroxyl group. The carbon-oxygen-hydrogen bond angle is approximately 109º for straight chain alcohols. This bond is also primary and sp3 hybridized. As the amount of carbon atoms in the molecule increases the

Slips, Trips and Falls Uneven, slippery or obstructed floor surfaces, trailing cables and poor general housekeeping may lead to accidents. Hazardous Substances Certain items of stock (and some chemicals used for cleaning) may be classified as hazardous or highly flammable. Exposure to some of these chemicals through leaks or spillages could cause burns, dermatitis or could be harmful if inhaled.

Water’s high polarity ions and other polar molecules are attracted to the high level of polarity in water. What make water very good solvent is its ability to form hydrogen bonds.

Each of the co-solvents have hydroxyl groups that allow them to hydrogen bond with water, accounting for their miscibility with water. To some extent the hydroxyl groups also allow the solvents to hydrogen bond with the carbonyl and hydroxyl groups of paracetamol (Appendix I). Because of the stable hydrophobic aromatic ring in paracetamol, it would better dissolve in more non-polar solvents. Thus ethanol, with only one polar hydroxyl group, is the most effective solvent. Propylene glycol has two hydroxyl groups and glycerol has three, slightly reducing each solvent’s ability to dissolve paracetamol. Sucrose (syrup) has eight hydroxyl groups which may explain its minute effect on improving paracetamol

The organizations and industries which deal with materials it may result in a high-riskinjuries such as: oil industry, space agencies, nuclear power stations, chemical laboratories, aviation, constrictions (Adel Badri, SylvieNadeaua and André Gbodossou, 2012) andthe mining plants (Hermanus, 2007). People who work with high-risk materials. They have to check the working flow, detect hazardpoints, understandDangers surrounding to keep people in the safe side and prevent any accident and injuries. (R. Pretagostini et al, 2010).