Powder: Crystallized Xylitol

Aspirin, Caffeine and Salicylamide were extracted from an over-the-counter pain reliever (BC Powder). These components were separated by manipulating their solubilities by adjusting the acidity and basicity of the solution. By doing this, the three components were forced into conjugate acid (or base) forms, causing selective solubility in either an aqueous or organic solvent. These layers were then separated by use of a separation funnel. Once separated, the components extracted were characterized by measuring the melting point and performing a TLC analysis. Also, the recovered aspirin from the first part of the experiment was recrystallized and compared to that of the

The mixture was transferred to an ice bath to crystallize the product, after which the product was collected by vacuum filtration on a Hirsch funnel, washing the flask with small aliquots of cold xylene and pouring the solution over the crystals, allowing the vacuum to thoroughly dry the product. Additional drying was achieved by transferring the product to filter paper and pressing the crystals to remove any excess moisture. The product was then weighed and a melting point determined. A comparative TLC was run in Hexanes:Ethyl Acetate solvent against maleic anhydride to verify the purity of the

A crystal is made up of the same materials that a regular glass is made of, such as silica, soda, and lime, but the addition of lead oxide is what gives crystals their shine. A bead has to have 24% lead oxide added to qualify as leaded crystal. Contrary to the popular belief, crystals have been around for a long time. Ancient Egypt, Rome, and other groups have all used crystals for various purposes. It was used in medicine, magic and rituals, as offerings and currency, as well as important gifts and items of beauty. Ancient civilizations were able to use crystals because natural crystals are dug from the ground where earth’s temperature and pressure causes them to form. However, one can make a crystal at home. It is

Acetic Anhydride and p-Aminophenol were heated in a vial attached to an air condenser to synthesize crude acetaminophen, resulting in 0.097 grams (47.48% yield). The crude acetaminophen was then recrystallized in a solvent of water and methanol over heat resulting in 0.082 grams (39.61% yield) of pure acetaminophen. Melting points of both crude and pure acetaminophen were taken, and found to be 165.9 - 170.9°C and 168.2 - 171.5°C, respectively. The literature melting point of acetaminophen is 169.5 – 171.0°C, indicating that our final product was pure.

Controlled crystal formation is important to acquire a certain texture in crystalline candy. Crystalline candies are smooth, creamy, and easily chewed with a definite structure of small crystals that resemble tiny snowflakes. Examples of crystalline candies are fondant, fudge, and penuche. When a concentration of sugar is higher than 121 degrees Celsius, it is an amorphous or non-crystalline candy, these are candies formed from a sugar solution that does not crystallize such as peanut brittle, and caramel. The purpose of this lab is to understand how temperature influences the texture, and firmness of

Experimental Method: Polyethylene glycol 3350(PEG) was placed in water in order to measure the amount of time it took for the PEG to dissolve. The amount of both PEG and water were the same for each trial, the only changing factor was the temperature of the water. Timing started the moment PEG was placed into water, and the timer was stopped once PEG was dissolved.

Which brand of painkilling medicine dissolves the fastest and does flavor, coating, and color of the pill affect the dissolution time? If several different pain neutralizing pills are placed in stomach acid and timed in order to find out which pill dissolves first, then the most effective pill will be the first to dissolve. In order to test this, eight different types of pain neutralizing medicine were put into simulated stomach acid and timed. Normal strength, liquid gel capsules, and children's flavored pills were all tested. In order to accurately simulate stomach acid, vinegar, which has the same pH levels of stomach acid, was heated to thirty seven degrees Celsius and stirred constantly and evenly. The pills tested were Advil, Children's

What if the density of the pill affects the dissolving time in the hydrochloric acid? During this experiment, this question will be answered. The denser the pill, then the longer dissolving rate when time is a function of the dissolving rate. Tablets, coated tablets, gel capsules, and hard capsules will be tested, and all of these each have a different densities.

In present work nanocrystal based formulation of risperidone was proposed to overcome solubility issue and lyophilization technique was accessed to check suitability of it as solidification technique in improving physical stability of prepared

General Info- Coke, a soft drink created around 1886, is quickly booming into one of the most recognizable brands in the world. It has spawned dozens of different flavors and merchandise. However, it is a highly acidic substance, with a whopping 2.52 on the pH scale. The lower the pH number, the higher the acidity. This is because of the acids that make up the drink, such as phosphoric acid, added to give a tart flavor and thickness (or viscosity) to the drink.

When you first step on that brightly lit field, immediately you are put on sensory overload. The mixture of the lights and the dull screams from the crowd resonate in the back of your mind and do not completely leave you until after the game is long finished. Normally, you are standing on the outside of the field in the student section, instead of out on the turf. This year that is not the case. You are a privileged upperclassman now, and with that title comes the opportunity to play in the much-anticipated Powder Puff game.

The drug PCP(Phencyclidine) is a white crystalline powder that is soluble in both water and alcohol. The drug comes in a variety of forms: tablets, capsules, and colored powders. With use of PCP, there are short-term, long-term, and psychological effects.

Although the Sunni and Shi’a sects are both Islamic and share a basic understanding of the Prophet, theological differences developed and precipitated the crystallisation of them as separate sects. Undeniably the death of the Prophet Muhammad in 636 triggered the crystallisation, as from this tragic event contrasting ideologies about Islamic empire rule developed. In understanding this question to mean, what caused two very distinct entities to form out of a larger group through increasing political polarisation, religion plays a central role. However, as daily life proved there was great overlap between religion and politics in society. The sects crystallised by legitimising

In order to achieve the best result, this experiment was broken into two part: the first part of this experiment involves carrying out solubility tests on known compounds, N-pivaloyl-o-toluidine, and in the second part the TLC and solubility tests was used to find a suitable recrystallization solvent for an unknown compound. For Experiment 6A, a 50 mL round-bottom flask with a small stir bar and septum was flame-dried under the hood, and cooled down to room temperature. Then, a balloon was filled with N2 and attached to the rubber septum in the round-bottom flask via a 20G, ½ needle. The flask was clamped to a stir plate and 9.3 mL of DCM was cautiously added using a 12 mL syringe and a long thick needle. Furthermore, 1.2 mL of pivaloyl chloride was added to the mixture using a 3 mL syringe and a 22G‚1/2 needle. Next, the flask was carefully submerged into an ice and water bath for 15 minutes until the

Introduction Crystallization is a technique that has been utilized as a part of the purification of substances. As often as possible, when a solid substance (single compound) is dissolved in a solvent, it dissolves. After adding a greater amount of the solid, a point in the long run is come to past which no further solid dissolves, and the solution is said to be saturated with the solid compound. The concentration of the saturated solution is influenced by the temperature, by and large a higher temperature bringing about a higher concentration. These events can be utilized as a methods for affecting separation and purification.