Powder: Tablet Properties of Xylitols

An Erlenmeyer flask was used to accommodate the largest volume of recrystallization solvent calculated and was cooled in an ice bath to increase the yield of crystals. The solid was collected by vacuum filtration and washed with a small amount of ice water. The product is then dried to a constant mass by use of an oven and weighed. A small amount of the unknown was compared to two samples of acetanilide and phenacetin for a melting point range to determine the identity. The temperature of the unknown was recorded when the first trace of liquid can be seen and when the unknown was completely liquid.

The goal of this experiment was to find out active chemical components in Anacin and Tylenol, using Thin Layer Chromatography technique. This technique uses the difference in the intermolecular forcer and polarity to separate mixtures. Comparing Rf values were then used to determine the active chemical components in the two analgesics. The overall result was that Acetaminophen exists in Tylenol and Acetylsalicylic Acid exists in Anacin.

Aspirin, Caffeine and Salicylamide were extracted from an over-the-counter pain reliever (BC Powder). These components were separated by manipulating their solubilities by adjusting the acidity and basicity of the solution. By doing this, the three components were forced into conjugate acid (or base) forms, causing selective solubility in either an aqueous or organic solvent. These layers were then separated by use of a separation funnel. Once separated, the components extracted were characterized by measuring the melting point and performing a TLC analysis. Also, the recovered aspirin from the first part of the experiment was recrystallized and compared to that of the

Separation and Purification of the Components of an Analgesic Tablet. Cora Bruno, Lab Section E. Aspirin, Caffeine and Acetaminophen were separated from four analgesic tablets of Excedrin using extraction techniques. 5% wt/vol NaHCO3, 4M HCL, ethyl acetate and deionized water were used to separate the three active components. MgSO4 was used to dry each extraction. Aspirin was isolated using a hot water bath and weighed to determine the percent theoretical recovery and the actual percent recovery of aspirin. After separation, Aspirin (ASA), Caffeine (CAF), and Acetaminophen (ACE) were purified and identified using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). Standards and purified ASA, CAF, and ACE were spotted on the silica gel (stationary phase) of the

Discussion The third experiment of the semester involves identifying an unknown component of Panacetin, a common pain relief medication, separated and precipitated in the previous experiment. Although Panacetin’s label reports this third ingredient as Tylenol, there is controversy over the true classification of the third substance. This Panacetin label also reports that the unknown constituent makes up 50% of the composition of Panacetin, compared to aspirin’s 40% composition and sucrose’s 10% composition, meaning that it is currently unknown what half of the drug people ingest is identified as. Research results have failed to repeatedly show that the third component of Panacetin is Tylenol, which leads to the hypothesis

In experiment two, 1.48g of the unknown solid was recovered. From this mass, it was determined approximately 30mL of boiling water was needed for crystallization of acetanilide and about 121mL for phenacetin. Phenacetin would require more solvent because it is less

Using the ethanol as the solvent produces a more environmentally favorable conditions, and the bleach combined with sodium iodide produces an efficient and selective (mono-) product. Once the final product had been recrystallized with isopropanol, the crystal were collected via vacuum filtration. These crystals took some time to dry out, but they eventually were dry enough to scrape out for further evaluation. After an IR was run, it was quite obvious the product was surely Iodovanillin. Further analysis of the melting point was taken to ensure the final product was the desired Iodovanillin.

The product was placed in a Craig tube and several drops of hot (100°C) solvent (50% water, 50% methanol, by volume) was added and heated until all of the crystals dissolved. The Craig tube was plugged and set in an Erlenmeyer flask to cool. Crystallization was induced once the mixture was at room temperature by scratching the inner wall of the tube. It was then placed into an ice bath for ten minutes until crystallization was complete. The tube was then

In Tobias Wolff’s “Powder,” the protagonist undergoes a pivotal moment in which his views of his parents’ relationship, his father’s behavior, and his own behavior are altered. This epiphany comes while the young man and his father are driving through “fresh powder” (Wolff 3) on the way home from a ski trip and he realizes that his parents’ marriage will essentially end when they get there. Instead of becoming downhearted at the moment, however, he decides to reverse his opinion of his situation and submits to the thrill of it. This pivotal moment shapes the meaning of “Powder” as it reveals a change in heart of the boy as he must accept the facts of his life and mature quickly. Whereas he initially views his father as a reckless man, his parents’ marriage as still salvageable, and his own behavior as proper, he subsequently looks at his father with a sense of admiration, his parents’ marriage with a lack of hope, and his own behavior with uncertainty.

The product was then suspended in 2 ml of water with a stir rod in a 50 ml Erlenmeyer flask and heated to boiling. Water was added in one milliliter increments until all the product was dissolved (18 ml added total). The saturated solution was allowed to slowly cool, and gradual white crystal formation was observed. Recrystallized product was collected once more by suction filtration with the Hirsch funnel once crystallization ceased. Collected product dried on a watch glass for a week, weighed 0.14 g (1.2 mmol), and the melting point was 139°-141°

Ever wonder about the chemical makeup of tablets that people take for pain relief? Before a tablet can be successfully made, the limiting and excess reactants must be considered. The limiting reactant will affect the amount of the product that can be made. Another reason why the starting reactants must be determined carefully is to make reduce the amount of the reactant in excess so that reactants are not wasted. This experiment uses an Alka-Seltzer tablet. Alka-Seltzer dissolves in water and is an antacid and a pain reliever1. The Alka-Seltzer tablet has many uses such as relief of headaches, ingestion, heart burns, or even upset stomachs2. The active ingredients in an Alka-Seltzer tablet is aspirin, also known as acetyl-salicylic acid (C8H12O4), citric acid (C6H8O7), and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)2. The aspirin in the Alka-Seltzer tablet helps with pain relief. Because of the acid-base chemistry (Brønsted-Lowry), citric acid and sodium bicarbonate produce O2, which makes the tablet fizz when it is dropped in liquid. The Brønsted-Lowry theory shows how the Brønsted-Lowry acid donates a hydrogen ion while the Brønsted-Lowry base accepts the hydrogen ions3. The remaining NaHCO3 that is in excess post reaction with the citric acid is what is used to neutralize stomach acid which helps relief heart burn2. The problem in

The antacid tablets were not crushed properly, resulting in big crumbs of the tablet which will affect the dissolving process of the lab.

Manufacturing theophylline formulations come with challenges for both the anhydrous and hydrate. For the anhydrous form, a study showed that the wet granulation of theophylline anhydrous in conjunction with microcrystalline cellulose, led to the formation of the monohydrate form of the drug. This is significant because the monohydrate has slower dissolution than the anhydrous form of theophylline. Thus the method of manufacture is highly important as the study showed directly compressed pellets had better dissolution profiles. Also it shows the importance of the choice of excipients as pellets manufactured via wet granulation in the absence of microcrystalline cellulose showed similar release to that of directly anhydrous theophylline.

After allowing the flask to cool to room temperature and cooling on ice, the product was collected and washed with 2-propanol (2ml) into a clean Hirsch funnel and was filtered using vacuum filtration. The triphenylphosphine oxide remained in the propanol solution, and the crystals were dried by drawing air through them. The mass, percentage yield and melting point of the product was obtained. The crystals were stored in a glass vial for next experiment.

In the experiment, I predict that the acetaminophen liquid soft gel capsules will take the longest to dissolve in the simulation gastric acid. The capsules will be the second most effective based on its reaction to the simulation gastric acid. Lastly the liquid form will completely dissolve, therefore being the least effective.