Power Systems Of Electric Vehicles

Electrical vehicles technology has been present for a while and is a proven technology that need only reshaping to meet the global need. Though, in the past, the technology had failed to compete with the internal combustion engine due to initial cost, the technology has done well in the past few years. Electric vehicle ability to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases like carbon and carbon dioxide and the advantages it enjoys such as low maintenance and running cost can enhance it market competitiveness. However, as experts try to make its charging system more efficient and its ability to store charge more long lasting, the global need continue to rise. The research proposal, therefore, aim at addressing an issue like government involvement can enhance improved use of EV, development of better EV batteries, energy management system and fast charging can help enhance the use of Electrical Vehicles and how electric vehicle drive train and the battery can be redesigned to make it affordable.

The emerging concept of MicroGrids or SmartGrids is aimed at changing the paradigm of the conventional power system in order to meet various challenges facing modern day society. To understand why the shift in paradigm is necessary, it is important to have a firm knowledge of the layout of conventional power systems as well as the energy challenges facing our society. A high level example of a conventional power system is shown in figure 1.

Representation of AC system: A simple representation by e.g. Thevenin sources does not consider feedback of AC system voltage control or change of load flow within the AC system. These effects shall be con-sidered by a more realistic AC network model.

As the Earth turns round and round, transportation is in evolution. From the first car in the world, Benz Patent-Motorwagen powered by a 670W internal combustion engine to today’s powerful supercars. But the thing that never change is that they always need to drink fossil fuels, until now. All of a sudden, many types of electric vehicles are showing up in dealerships. Different than the jokes in past, people are seriously considering if they need to buy one for lower emission tax, lower price to feed and more parking space. And even for the polar bear’s life, as many advertisements show. But electric vehicles are not ideally perfect, not as many advertisements show. They are expensive, they need a long time to be fully charged and they will put power plants in developing country working under much higher pressure. On top of that, pollution in battery production cannot be ignored.

Introduction: If the system can return to its initial state shortly after it is influenced by temporary disturbances, and it will skip to new state after permanent disturbances, it is called stable system. The security of a power system is the ability to withstand disturbances and maintain stability. Generally, all changes to any one of the parameters can be disturbances. There are a great variety of disturbances as well as the ways to maintain security, but due to limited space this essay will outline some disturbances and focus on a few ways to maintain security. It will discuss how the ways is efficient to withstand disturbances and maintain security.

Through the implementation of peak load leveling utilities can offer better stability regulation services for voltage and frequency, and sudden demands for power can also be met much easier. Via a simple frequency measurement, dynamic load leveling can be provided and determine local demand. This would result in less natural gas or coal-fired power plants being required to meet peak demand or as a back up to protect against unexpected blackouts.

As industries expand, utilities become more interconnected and the use of electricity rises, power quality becomes essential to insure a smooth industrial process. The main problem that severely affects the power’s quality is the presence of the harmonics, which affects the performance of the system. Some of the problem caused by the harmonics are metal parts’ overheating, increasing noises in motors, decreasing the efficiency of the motors, etc. some corrective methods can be used to reduce its effect.

POWER QUALITY ENHANCEMENT FOR REAL AND REACTIVE POWER COORDINATION IN AUTONOMOUS MICRO GRIDS OPERATION USING PSO UPFC

Reactive power compensation can be in a form of series type. In a power line at rated frequency, series compensation technique uses capacitors to decrease the equivalent reactance. The series capacitor generates reactive power to balance a fraction of line’s transfer reactance and this type of capacitor arrangement results improvement in the power transmission network. It increases the angular stability of the power system, improves the voltage stability of the corridor and also optimizes power sharing between parallel circuits [5]. Series compensation can be also implemented by using voltage or current source devices as shown in Figure A:

Significant changes in the structure of a low voltage distribution system can be achieved by developing "microgrids" [2] coupled with appropriate energy storage and energy management technologies. This will ensure the microgrid to achieve the capability to operate off-grid or grid connection or interact with other microgrids. These features ensure a better power quality, reduce stress of transmission lines, increase power efficiency, minimize the risk of blackout, and other related problems.

Voltage instability problems play great role in power systems planning and operation. Nowadays, power systems are being performed closer to their steadiness limits due to economic and environmental constrains. Maintaining a fixed and secure operation of power system is hence a very vital and challenging issue.

A microgrid is introduced to resolve the issues with the economics and the resilience of power delivery systems. Microgrid loads get supplied by both the utility grid and on-site generation when connected to the utility grid. A microgrid is seen as an aggregated controllable load from the utility grid.

The criteria for evaluating the quality of active power balancing (the control of power interchange at the planned level) are contained in recommendations provided by the UCTE (Ground rules concerning primary and secondary control of frequency and active power within the UCPTE) and in the Catalogue of requirements for

The improvement of the quality of the energy on the electrical distribution networks becomes today an important stake for the managers of the networks as for the operators of the electrical energy. In normal operation, the quality of the

The basic function of the power system is to provide an adequate electrical energy to its customers as economically as possible with