Practical Report Essay

According to the theory of lateralisation developed by Robert Sperry and Robert Ornstein, the cerebral cortex in the two hemispheres perform the same motor and sensory functions but each of the hemisphere is specialized for different tasks. As the brain develops, the left hemisphere is superior in doing tasks that involve speech, language, reading, and writing. The right hemisphere shows superiority in tasks that involves creativity, intuition, facial recognition, non-verbal imagery, musical recognition, sense of direction, play and sports, learning experience and risk-taking. Lateralisation is developed for the task that is done, that is the right hemisphere is used for a particular function. This decision is influenced by genetics, childhood learning experiences and

The human brain is a wondrous invention that has many scientists and researchers very busy to this very day. There are numerous qualities about the brain humans know about, yet there are still a great number of mysteries to the brain and how it functions left to be discovered and shared. Some facts scientists do know about the brain is that it is divided into to primary sections, called hemispheres. Each person has a left and right hemisphere of the brain. Each hemisphere is in charge of specific abilities, tasks, and functions. This paper will review what each hemisphere is responsible for and describe ways that each hemisphere is predisposed to learn.

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the correlational method as a means for examining the relationship between functions of the left and right hemispheres. I will compare the performance of people with intact brains with the performance of so-called split-brain patients. In many ways, the brains of these two groups are very similar. 1a. The brain stem is found in the deepest part of the brain. The brainstem controls the automatic survival functions of the body, such as breathing. There are no differences between the function of the normal brainstem and the brain of a split brain patient. The brainstem will still supply the automatic survival functions of the body. 1b. The hippocampus is found in the limbic system along with the amygdala, the hypothalamus. The hippocampus is in charge of allowing the body to process information into memories. Without the hippocampus, there is no way for new memories to be created. There is no anatomical difference between the hippocampus in the normal brain and a split brain. 1c. The corpus callosum is found in the center of the brain. The role it plays as a part of the brain is it connects both the left and right hemispheres of the brain, allowing them to work and interact together as a whole system. The difference between the anatomy of the corpus callosum in a split brain patient versus someone without a

1. The authors decided to do a replication of a study performed by of Ramachandran & Hubbard (2001) and Hubbard (2005). From this study researchers looked at individuals who had synaesthetes and how they interpreted shapes, numbers and colors. Results from their study showed that individuals who had synaesthetes performed better by interpreting certain pictures by using more of the ‘pop-out’ effect rather than using the serial search effect. It also “assumed that color and shapes are processed independently, which does not hold true for people who have synathecia, giving that some amount of grapheme processing must be required for the color to be included”(Ramachandran & Hubbard 2001b, 2003b). Due to these findings researchers decided to “correct”

Sperry would place objects behind the screen, out of sight from the patient but within reach of either hand. They were then asked to report what they had seen. When words were presented to the right visual field and therefore processed in the left hemisphere, patients were able to read and report the words verbally. When words were presented to the left visual field and therefore processed in the right hemisphere, patients were unable to report the words verbally. They were able to select the item by touch from behind the screen, but were unable to say why they had selected the item. This concluded that the left hemisphere can identify words and name them, whereas the right hemisphere can also identify words but cannot name

Design and paradigm. A within-subject design with a similar paradigm as Experiment 4 was used, except that there were no regularity checks in Experiment 5. Participants were required to observe the preceding auditory sequence of beep sounds. After hearing the higher-pitched oddball beep sound, two visual targets were sequentially presented. Then, participants were asked to judge which visual duration was presented longer as soon and accurate as possible right after the Td disappeared from the screen.

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect of conflicting stimuli on a response task (Stroop effect), the results supported that it takes approximately double the time for the participants to perform condition 2 in comparison to condition 1 which indicates that there is a distinction between controlled and automatic processing in the brain. Thus the results support the Stroop experiment. In the Stroop experiment it withstood the idea that we are able to read words faster than naming colors. In relation to this experiment in particular; participants were able to read the words faster than distinguishing the font/style of the text. This is because the mind chooses to receive specific presented stimuli before any other aspects

These tests may take on a variety of forms such as a rhyme judgment task, phonological fluency tasks, all the way to studying sign language (Bleton et al. 2016; Sigut et al., 2015; Payne et al., 2015; Sigut., Payne., & MacSweeney, 2015.) These tasks are important for studying lateralization as language tasks are typically left lateralized in right handers. Thus these tasks can also serve as controls to illustrate that the FTCD capable of recording a hemispheric difference. An example of this can be found in in Payne’s study in which a rhyme judgement task was used. This task had presented 90 pairs of words to participants where half of the pairs rhymed and the other half did not. The researchers found that this task caused left lateralization which was expected. They could then use these results and compare them to another task to show either right or left lateralization (Payne et al., 2015). One of the more common tasks used in FTCD studies is the phonological fluency task which has participants look at a letter and produce words that start with that letter. One study that shows the effectiveness of the task is one performed by Dorst et al., in which participants were shown a letter for 22.5 seconds and asked to covertly produce words. This was done 20 times with different letters excluding the letters X, Y, and Q as words beginning with those letters are very few (Dorst et al., 2008, p. 54). The covert part of this study is important as speaking causes distortion in the FTCD recording both from joint movement as well as the sound production. In order to ensure that participants were complying with the test parameters the researchers had a short period where the participants were asked to overtly repeat some of the words they had generated (Dorst et al., 2008, p. 54). These language tasks are useful in FTCD studies as they are not only easy to set up and execute, but

The link between handedness and hemispheric dominance is based on the simple logic that one’s preferred hand must mean that the hemisphere controlling this hand is also preferred. This means that right-side of the brain is dominant in left-handers while the left-side of the brain is dominant in right-handers, since the brain works contra-laterally (meaning that the left-side of the brain is responsible for the right-side of the body and reversed). In most people the verbal processing (assumed to be more linear and sequential) is located on the left-side of the brain, and the non-verbal processing (thought to be more holistic and random) on the right-side of the brain. As we saw before the definition of handedness is not that simple, there are varying degrees of handedness, and the same is true for the lateralization of the brain. Furthermore, not everyone has this traditional organization of the brain, a small percentage of people have a reversed organization of the structures in their respective hemispheres (from this small percentage the majority is left-handed).

The variables we are presented with in this experiment are a dependent variable, and independent variable, and a controlled variable. The independent variable is the interference in perception put to use by changing the color of the words. The dependent variable is the processing and this is put to use by the time taken to read the words.

Two hemispheres are the human brain is divided. The left hemisphere and the right hemisphere are connected by a bundle of nerve fibers named the corpus callous. The right hemisphere of the brain has these functions such as sensation, music, art awareness, creativity … etc. And the left hemisphere deal with analytical, numbers, logic and Majority of the people have language in the left

2012, Mishra 2014). A possible frame for this kind of experiment is offered by the classical Poffenberg paradigm, which is generally used in the measurement of interhemispheric transfer time (Friedrich et al. 2017) but the resulting data can also be used for other purposes. In this task, visual stimuli (white circles) are presented either in the left or the right visual half field. Participants must react by pressing a button with either the ipsilateral or contralateral hand. The Poffenberg paradigm is only measuring behavioral reaction time and since our hypothesis is aiming for support on a neuronal basis, EEG data is recorded during the whole procedure of the paradigm. Here, early ERP components (P1 and N1). Previous studies have been able to show visual attentional differences, connected to different visual N1 latencies (Latham et al. 2013), Whereas other studies grounded similar arguments on different N1 amplitudes for certain groups (Clark et al. 2015, Berg et al. 2016). To include various possibilities, we will take both measurements into our analysis. For determining the handedness of the participants, we use the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory. Aim of this paper is to analyze stimuli which are presented to the left visual field of participants and to look for a correlation

The purpose of our experiment was to look at the accuracy of performance when it came to encoding information and then looking at the probability of our ability to recall information. Based on previous research done by Craik and Lockhart and the ones mentioned above, it can be assumed or even highly justified that our experiment will share similar results. There will be little to no difference when it comes to identifying the answers to the questions that are being asked based on the level of difficulty for encoding information. Deeper levels of processing will have a higher significance when it comes to recalling information as opposed to other levels of processing. Even when lures are presented, there will be no significance when coming in contact with semantic words as opposed to letter and rhyme.

Handedness and brain asymmetry are both very important aspects of humans and many other species. They are innate, complicated features that are distinct to everyone. Unfortunately, many people have made assumptions that exaggerate the importance and dominance of one side of the brain from the other. It is understood that the left-brain controls the right hand and specializes in language and logic. Alternatively, the right-brain controls the left hand and specializes in creativity, intuition, and emotion. In the essay written on January 21st, 2014 in the School of Psychology in the University of Auckland, “Left Brain, Right Brain: Facts and Fantasies,” Michael C. Corballis clears misconceptions and myths and explains the details of how

n the 1960s while studying patients with brain injuries, Roger Sperry discovered that the brain’s right and the left hemispheres performed certain jobs. While each side is connected by the Corpus Callosum which sends messages back and forth, each hemisphere functions differently. The left brain versus right brain theory is based on Sperry’s findings. “The theory is that people are either left-brained or right-brained, meaning that one side of their brain is dominant” (Pietrangelo, 2017, para. 7). The left side of the brain is responsible for language, logical thinking, math, science, writing and controls the right side of the body. While the right side of the brain is responsible for imagination, creativity, art, visualizing feelings, body awareness and controls the left side of the body. This theory has led many to believe that your personality, preferences, and learning styles are connected to the idea that you are left-brained or right-brained. There are many quick assessments available today to test your brain’s hemispheric preference. The results of my hemispheric preference assessment revealed that I am dominantly left-brained. I scored 24/36 points for the left hemisphere, 9/36 points for the right hemisphere and only 2/36 points for using both hemispheres together. Based on these results I am a right-handed, logical thinker, that is good in math and science. This is partly true, while I am right-handed and do perform well in science, I struggle with math. I really