Practicum Report

At first the government supported open immigration in the open and settled land, but after the Civil War while, states began to pass their own immigration regulations and immigrating become more difficult. The Supreme Court decided immigration would be under federal jurisdiction in 1875, and Congress created the Department of Immigration in 1891. Since 1900 to 1921, Congress created the "quota system," which gave authorization for a specified number of individuals of all ethnic groups in immigration like most Asian nations (Wellman, Cole).

Then there was the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, which barred certain laborers from migrating to the United States. Between 1885 and 1887 the Alien Contract Labor also, prohibited specific laborers from immigrating to the US. In 1891 the Federal Government took on the duty of admitting, inspecting, rejecting, and processing all immigrant in search of admission to the United States. On January 2, 1892, a Federal US immigration station opened on Ellis Island in New York Harbor. In 1903 a reaffirmed provisions that were in the 1891Act. The US immigration Act of 1907, reorganized the states bordering Mexico that includes Arizona, New Mexico and a large part of Texas. Between 1917 and 1924 there were a series of laws were ratified to limit the number of new aliens. These laws established the quota system and forced passport requirements. They also expanded the categories of excludable aliens and banned all Asians except the Japanese. A 1924 Act was created to reduced the number of US immigration visas and allocated them on the foundation of national origin. In 1940 The Alien Registration Act required all non-U.S. citizens within the United States to register with the Government and receive an Alien Registration Receipt Card, which was later called a Green Card. The Passage of the Internal Security Act of 1950 depicted the Alien Registration Receipt Card even more

territory and the government once allowed the Filipinos to go to the U.S. to be laborers, the government no longer wanted the Filipinos to stay for the same reason that they did not want the Mexicans and Mexican Americans to remain in the U.S. The government’s offer to give the Philippines its independence showed clearly that the government did not want these nonwhite, yet hardworking laborers to take up spaces that supposedly should have been for the white Americans; the government offered the Filipinos a free ride back home if they were willing to leave. Additionally, the eager immigrants trying to get into the U.S. had to worry not only about fitting within the quota, but also pleasing the American consuls regarding the LPC clause; in 1930 President Hoover insisted that the LPC clause was tightened up and enforced better (Daniels 295). The LPC, Liable to become a Public Charge, clause was supposed to check that an immigrant was well off enough to enter the U.S. The American consulates ensured that the immigrant had a near-decent or decent amount of money to start off in the U.S. and was capable of keeping themselves economically stable. Considering the current economic crisis, the government did not want even more homeless people roaming around the streets without any direction, and therefore gave more power to the American consulates in letting them decide whether someone could enter the country or not. This clause made it

The framework for American immigration policy began around the 1750-1820 period through the incorporation of colonial legacy with existing state and federal policy (Zolberg, 2009). The United States legislation has excluded whole nations and regions from migrating due to internal and external factors. The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 and the Page Act of 1875 restricted Chinese female immigration. In 1917 and 1924, quota systems were adopted to prohibit considerably “undesirable and “inferior” ethnic groups and races. During the Great Depression in the 1930s, between 400,000 and 1 million Mexican laborers and their families were deported under the “repatriation” programs. Approximately

These national immigration laws created the need for new federal enforcement authorities. In the 1880s, state boards or commissions enforced immigration law with direction from U.S. Treasury Department officials. At the Federal level, U.S. Customs Collectors at each port of entry collected the head tax from immigrants while "Chinese Inspectors" enforced the Chinese Exclusion Act.

However, it was not until the Gold Rush of 1848 that a mass number of Philippine sailors and laborers arrived in California participating in the agriculture industry and whaling ship expeditions to Alaska. The possession of their native land on December 10, 1898, further encouraged Filipino immigration, since they became U.S. nationals. Those with American passports could travel from the U.S. and back until the Tydings-McDuffle Act in 1934. Under this act, the United States only accepted fifty Filipino immigrants to enter the U.S. each year. Hence, this act and the Great Depression decreased Filipino immigration. The Hawaiian Sugar Planters Association was an exception, however, in order for Filipinos to fill in the sugar industry’s labor shortages. Thus, many Filipinos continued to enter the United States via Hawaii.

Prior to 1882, there were not any formal acts that controlled immigration. The Act of 1875 merely prohibited the importation of women for purposes of prostitution and the immigration of aliens "who are undergoing conviction in their own country for felonious crimes, other than political..." The Act of 1882 levied a head tax of fifty cents "for every passenger not a citizen of the United States," and forbade the landing of convicts, lunatics, idiots, or of "any person unable to take care of himself or herself without becoming a public charge."

Immigration was an issue that needed attention. In attempt to hinder the incoming population, the Chinese Exclusion Act started in 1882. The act prevented all people of Chinese origin to move to America. It also prevented any Chinese person already living in America to gain citizenship, if they had not already (310). The government also began to put regulations and restrictions on who could enter the U.S. In 1907 the Immigration Commission was established. This department only had to deal with immigration and immigration laws. They prevented unskilled immigrants and criminals from entering the U.S. Their job was also to deport any immigrants that had committed a crime (America and Immigration). The government understood the problems immigration was creating

During the beginning of the time period between 1882 and 2000, the United States policies towards immigration and naturalization became more and more restrictive due to American’s fear of competition with immigrants for jobs and their buildup of racism towards those immigrants. Chinese immigrants were the first

The government knew that it had some problem and they wanted to fix them. The process was not going to be easy, but it had to get started before it got out of control. Some people say that the situation was already out of control before the government finally decided to step in however. The problem never got to a monumental reason due to what at the time was ignorant of the government and still today is considered ignorant, but in the big picture did deescalate the immigration process tremendously. Renewed for indefinitely in 1902 The Chinese Exclusion Act was put in place until 1943 and for that time period Chinese immigrants were not permitted access to the United States (The Immigration Act of 1924). Without having this large restriction on the asian population entering the country the immigration problem in the United States would have historic. Along with this act asians from Japan and the Philippines were still allowed entry as these countries were being restrictive on how many they would allow to immigrate. There still was a solid portion of the United States immigrants coming on from Asia but it was truly minor compared to the rest of the world, more specifically the east of the world. In the harbor of New York City Ellis Island from the years of 1892 to 1954 helped over twelve million immigrants pass through this checkpoint over the years. It served as a place that would

Naturalization Act of 1870: Control Naturalization Process and penalization of fraudulent practices. The Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) allowed the U.S. to suspend

Mead & Hampson (1996) developed a study involving the divided visual field paradigm and a phonological rhyme/non-rhyme task to test the speed and accurateness of either side of the brain. This study was used to investigate functional asymmetry between the left and right hemispheres in phonological processing. The research was taken out equally on 15 male and 15 females London Metropolitan University students ranging from ages 18 – 35 years old. They were all specifically chosen to be right–handed and had English as their first language thus providing a fair experiment to see whether our left hemisphere (left side of the brain) or the right hemisphere is faster and more accurate. In conclusion using the mean and standard

There were multiple regulations passes between 1880 and 1925 which regulated the number of immigrants entering the country. In 1882, the Immigration Act only allowed for people of "good stock" to enter the country. This act passed by Congress provided for the examination of immigrants and for the exclusion from the U.S. of convicts, prostitutes, persons suffering from diseases, and persons liable to become public charges. This act, along with the Chinese Exclusion Act, which disallowed immigrants from China to enter the country, was responsible for a precipitous decline in immigration. In 1885, The Alien Contract Labor Laws were created. They prohibited the immigration to the U.S. of persons entering the country to work under contracts made before their arrival. In 1887 the American Protective Association was created by Henry Bowers. It was a radical group that created conspiracy theories of

The Tydings-McDuffie Act (1934) is an act that established the Philippines as an independent country and limited the annual Filipino immigration to the United States (Takaki, 14). Initially, the Philippines were colonized by the U.S., which meant Filipinos became nationalists and were able to become U.S. citizens (Sasaki, 5/19/16). When the U.S. granted the Philippines independence, Filipino immigrants in the U.S. were classified as being “aliens” like the rest of the Asian Americans (Takaki, 331). As “aliens”, they were no longer had the right to naturalize as they were not Caucasian and weren’t part of the U.S. territory. The U.S. government only gave the Philippines independence because they wanted to restrict the Filipinos from entering the U.S. to overall keep Asian Americans out (Sasaki, 5/19/16). This action of the U.S. trying to force the Filipinos out

My practicum took place on September 7,2016 from nine thirty to ten thirty. The practicum took place at Impact Early College High School in Baytown. The class I observed was Ms. Nguyen’s class of juniors and seniors that contained twenty students, seven boys and thirteen girls. The class appeared to be alert and ready to learn. Since this was their second period class they already had enough time to shake off their fatigue. The subject was Pre-Calculous and the topic was operations of functions. Students entered the classroom in a calm manner and socialized until it was time to start class. The teacher instructed the students to take their seats and take five minutes to write their assignments into their academic calendar. The teacher went