Pragmatic Equivalence In Translation

Linguists revealed an overwhelming interest in the relevance- theoretic program which was outlined with more specific details in two works Relevance Theory: Some Basic Distinctions and Discourse Applications of Relevance Theory (Rouchota and Jucker, 1998:1). The theory kept evolving. Recently, it has been updated by Wilson and Sperber in 2004 and Wilson in 2010. At the same time, Clark's book published in 2013 which is entitled Relevance Theory can be considered as an introductory textbook to the theory (Huang,

Newmark (1988) considered translation as a matter of choice. His idea is that translators should have the skill which enables them to decide upon the most appropriate equivalence. Translator’s choice depends on certain criteria in accordance with a specific theory. Regarding this matter, one of these problems was about how to achieve equivalence or the equivalent effect of the political terms or expressions. Wrong choice giving the inadequate or inaccurate translation.

Some linguists claim that dealing with the process of finding equivalence is the most significant issue existing among translation processes and that is one of the mains principles of Western theory of translation. Translation is a mean of communication and in order for it to be effective it is crucial to establish appropriate equivalence between source and target text. Nida defines translation as “reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style”. (Nida, 1982, p. 12) It is conspicuous that equivalence is one of basic concepts of translation which cannot be overlooked. This complex phenomenon often becomes a measure which helps to define the process of translation. Number of researches stress on the important role of the equivalence for the translation process and it is hard to hard to overestimate the role of equivalence in translation. Use of equivalence translation help people to understand each other and enables achieving communication goals. Achieving maximum linguistic, grammar and structural equivalence is inevitably linked with certain restrictions and limitations but the skilful use of equivalents can undoubtedly benefit the results of translation act. Despite different approaches, the equivalence is an important

What I experienced in speaking 7 different languages is that there are certain things that are just untranslatable between languages. In order to convey the same thought or message in different languages, I can’t directly translate word to word instead I have to use words that are appropriate in

The relationship between L2 learners’ grammatical competence and pragmatic understanding makes it clear why many researchers have focused on the acquisition of different dimensions of second language pragmatics for more than three decades. In addition, the development of knowledge and telecommunications are changing all aspects of life and consequently language. One of the most significant changes that this digital innovation has brought is a changeover in how students write and communicate. Email as an important medium of language to study creates a novel area for the writing process. For this reason, the researcher conducted this study to explore the effect of teaching explicit versus implicit pragmatic instruction on upper-intermediate EFL learners’ email writing development.

Pragmatics is the study of language “within a context and why people use language a particular way” (Ariza, ch10, 2010, p. 82). Words have meaning beyond their dictionary definition.

Abstract: The ambiguous sentence is referred that a language segment has more than one semantic interpretations. This article tries to make a further research of the ambiguous phenomenon from the perspective of TG grammar and to give the cognitive-differentiation of the syntactic ambiguous sentence which enable us to have a complex and accurate understanding of the sentence structure. The author tries to make the contrastive analysis of the ambiguity of English and Chinese sentence from the perspective of the TG grammar to find the similarity and the difference between these two languages which may bring something new to this field of research.

【Abstract】 Ambiguity is a wide phenomenon in all languages, including in English. Sometimes, ambiguity can cause lots of problems if people fail to handle the ambiguity in English properly. Thus, learning English ambiguity turns to be rather important and rational solutions to erase ambiguity help people better convey and receive information. This paper analyses different types of “ambiguity” in English from aspects of the phonological, the lexical, the syntactic and the pragmatic, and illustrates several approaches to eliminate ambiguity.

Speech acts can be divided in two categories direct and indirect, depending on words used by the speaker. The aim of this work is to briefly describe their phenomena in the first, theoretical part and to show their practical use in the second

Linguists revealed an overwhelming interest in the relevance- theoretic program which was outlined with more specific details in two works Relevance Theory: Some Basic Distinctions and Discourse Applications of Relevance Theory (Rouchota and Jucker, 1998:1). The theory kept evolving. Recently, it has been updated by Wilson and Sperber in 2004 and Wilson in 2010. At the same time, Clark's book published in 2013 which is entitled Relevance Theory can be considered as an introductory textbook to the theory (Huang,

This section presents the discussion on the analysis of the result gathered from the four translations of two literary books. First, the analysis of the linguistic factors thoroughly. Second, the analysis of the extra-linguistic factors is expressed. Then, it is followed by the conclusion of the study, the pedagogical implications of the study, and the limitation of the study likewise. Finally, this chapter ends with some suggestions for further research.

On this same topic, research by Sharples, Hogg, Hutchinson, Torrance and Young (2009) provided a definition based on the concepts of context and identity. They mentioned Pragmatics as “Those aspects of the study of language that pertain to the identity and intentions of the speaker and hearer, and the context in which speech takes place.”

Finally, Nord concludes how conventions and functionalism can be applied in translation teaching. In the past, there was no systematic teaching method. Translators are implicitly taught about regulative and constitutive conventions of translation prevailing in their respective cultures by practicing, and without hearing or learning the concept of conventions. Therefore, it takes long time for them to internalize the conventions in the cultures they are working with. Nord believes that a systematic and structured way to convey the concept of conventions in different cultures would be very helpful to future translators. Ideas of regulative and constitutive conventions of translation can be made in crystal clear by using all five approaches mentioned before. When concrete description of conventions in particular cultures is yet to be established, seeking for the translation complying with the norm of functionality is relatively easier for both translation students and teachers. It is suggested that translators first give an exhaustive and precise explanation of the purpose and function for the target text. Then, utilize translation strategies that correspond to the translation instructions. As a result, the functions required by the target situations should be achieved, and the form of the translation should conform to the target culture conventions of the requested text

The first factor is the culture-difference between SL and TL. As Al-Farahaty (2014) declares "Since legal translation is bound by each language's culture, it is not merely the transcoding between SL and TL" (p. 6.) The role of the translator is no longer limited to the process of translating. He is also assigned to a task as a culture mediator. The translator has to cross the language and cultural boundaries in order to deliver the same message intended in the SL text to his TL audience in a way they can understand. As Dr. Zidan States "

The second half of the last century have seen a great advance in translation field ( translation studies discipline ). Which make many translation scholars emphasis on the importantce of knowing the translation theory for the translators since the translation studies become a discipline.Mona Baker stats”