Pratt And Whitney's Impact On The Military And Commercial Aviation

1. In 1930, who first patented a design for a reaction (jet) type motor suitable for aircraft propulsion?

The industry environment was also in Boeings favor at the time. Boeing had a history of dedicated customers. The company had been making commercially successful jet aircraft since it first developed the “707”. Boeing was so successful at manufacturing the jet aircraft, that it was one of two companies left making them. This advantage gave them the ability to be a powerful supplier. The expense of the development process also made it extremely difficult for new companies to even enter the market. Boeing faced only one competitor at this point; Airbus (Pearce, Robinson, 2003).

III. Mustang kept on developing through the 60’s getting bigger engines and more sleek design. They made the cobra jet and Mach 1. Then the super cobra jet and the boss. And many more each one getting faster and more expensive.

These engines had a lot more horsepower and torque than the previous engines and made the trucks able to pull a heavier load. The new engines made up to 56 horsepower in this generation and 146 foot-pounds of torque and where 194 cubic inches(Bunn, Chevrolet Trucks). Chevy still didn’t have beds on their trucks until 1930 then they started to put a bed on the trucks and made the cab a little bit bigger and more comfortable (Williams, 95 Years of Chevy Pickup History). Chevy also put a better, easier to shift, 3-speed synchromesh transmission. This was a great improvement because you could drive smoother, it was easier to drive the truck and you could pull a heavier load. The synchromesh style transmissions are still used in all of the manual transmissions on the road today. In 1936 they put full length water jackets on all of their engines. The full length water jackets made the engines run cooler and prevent them from overheating. This also let them make the engine bigger and were moved from 194 to 207 cubic inches.

(q) “Engines” means the two Rolls-Royce Tay engines model number Mk611-8, bearing Serial Numbers 72725 and 72726.

Briggs and Stratton tried other products in the 1920’s, but they were not competitive with the Model T. Eventually, Briggs and Stratton came up with a different

We constantly hear about developments, new inventions that are supposed to make our life easier, but why could we consider The Howard Johnson motor as being as special as it was described? How did it manage to provoke all this tension?

In 1955 - 1956 the Bel Air, and therefore the Chevy Nomad, carried the 265 cubic inch V8. Available in a variety of compression ratios and carburetor options the motor provided adequate power between 160 and 200 HP. For 1957 they bored out the 265 and turned it into the 283. This Increased displacement provided a few more horses and an interesting fuel delivery option also became available that year.

The Chrysler company continued to use the dodge name and they also produced a company named Jeep. The legacy of the name jeep was well known in the military they used them through the use of World war II. The legend was named Jeep Willys the production began in November of 1940. The jeep was shown to the army and they loved it. The Jeep was a short wheelbase four-wheel drive automobile and it has the reputation to go anywhere they needed it to go. The Jeep was the first automobile to go on all 7

The Lockheed company did a lot of the same types of research, but they stayed focused on military planes. The Lockheed brothers established their company in 1916 in Santa Barbara, California (Timeline,1). They sold their first plane to the military when they sold their F-1 flying boat to the U.S. Navy (Timeline,1). The first Lockheed plane sold to the U.S. armed forces was the DL-1 (Timeline,1). The Lockheed XP-900 was the fighter that set the design that is seen today (Timeline,1). The model 10 Electra was the forerunner to commercial aircraft’s today (Timeline,1). The Lockheed Company set another record when they built the Lockheed P-38. The P-38 was the first U.S. Army Air Forces plane to shoot down a Nazi plane (Timeline,1). In 1943 The Lockheed Company’s Skunk Works started their secret work on the U-2 Reconnaissance Aircraft that flew in 1955 (Timeline,1). In 1954 the Lockheed C-130 Hercules flew. The C-130 is the longest running military airlifter program in the world (Timeline,1). In 1958 Lockheed made the F-104 Starfighter which was the first plane to hold records in both speed and altitude at the same time (Timeline,1). Lockheed contributed to the innovations of space travel when they put the first U.S. satellite into orbit around earth in 1959. They used the Lockheed Agena to perform this feat (Timeline,1). In 1962 Lockheed introduces the predecessor to the SR-71 Blackbird

Rolls-Royce Limited is a renowned British car manufacturing company and later, aero-engine manufacturing company founded by Charles Stewart Rolls and Sir Frederick Henry Royce on 15 March 1906 as the result of a partnership formed in 1904. In 1906 they launched the six-cylinder Silver Ghost that, within a year, was hailed as the best car in the world. Once again like the other companies I have covered Rolls Royce also created an outstanding product, which launched them on to the engineering scene, this was again a vital stage of the companies success. It would have brought them income that could then be reinvested in future developments, which allowed the company to grow and develop. At the start of the First World War the demand from the nation for military planes was increasing, this encouraged Royce to design his first aero engine, it was called the Eagle and it provided for almost half of the total engines in the skies at this point in time. The eagle also was the power behind the first direct transatlantic flight as well as the first flight from England to Australia. The late 1920s saw Rolls Royce develop the 'R' engine to power Britain's entry in the International Schneider Trophy seaplane contest. It established a new world air speed record of over 400mph in 1931. More importantly, these records gave Royce the funds and technological base to develop the Merlin, which he had begun to work on before his death in 1933. The Merlin powered two of the most influential

The Glenn L. Martin company was established by Glenn L. Martin in Los Angeles, California in 1912, after building a self-designed plane at the urging of Orville Wright (Lockheed Martin at a Glance, n.d.). A few month later and less than 500 miles away, Allan and Malcomb Lockheed founded the Alco Hydro-Aeroplane Company, later renamed the Lockheed Aircraft Company, focused on seaplane construction (Lockheed Martin at a Glance, n.d.). Although the two companies would not merge until 1995, the impact, contributions, and legacy of these companies both prior to the merger and beyond have played a significate role in the defense industry and the overall defense posture of the United States.

The B707 was the first aircraft developed by Boeing in 1958, it is a narrow body , mid-size and a four turbo-fan engine aircraft ( Pratt & Whitney ) . Some people call it ( seven oh seven ) and it has different modules ( series ) that contains different capacity from 140-189 passengers .The Boeing 787 was produced in 2007 , it is a long-range , wide-body , twin turbo-fan engine ( GEnx or Rolls Royce ) aircraft . Passenger’s seat varies from 242-335 dependant on the series of the aircraft. Of course both aircrafts varies from the internal structures ,but almost the same design for the outer structure (body shape ) , and I’ll demonstrate the differences and similarities between both aircrafts , from structure design to the innovations made to the B787 , that surely made us look at the Boeing industry in a different perspectives.

The Trent 700 has a huge influence in the civil aerospace market, having a 58% market share as well as being the chosen engine for the A330. The Trent is so successful that it has locked in over 100 orders for the 700, which will be used in the A330s. Bringing in a sufficient cash flow for a number of years in the future.

The entrepreneurial sprit which began the foundations of Lockheed Martin remains alive within the company today. Although, the companies’ stricter guidelines do not allow an employee to simply begin an entrepreneurial venture on their own, the company has evolved from an airplane manufacturer to an organization that is involved in everything from defense to space exploration. This massive diversification of interests was brought about by intrapreneurial ventures. It was Lockheed Martin that coined the phrase “Skunkworks”, meaning specialized teams dedicated to discovering new projects. The origin story of “skunkworks” is well known and shows the tenacity and innovation that Lockheed Martin is capable of. In 1943, an engineer named Clarence “Kelly” Johnson and a group of young engineers were asked to design and build a jet fighter to help the US Army prepare for the growing German threat. The small group was isolated and the project was kept secret operating out of a circus tent because available and private space was scarce in the Lockheed Martin facility. The group was given one hundred and fifty days to complete the project, and they completed the jet in one hundred and forty-three (Miller, 1995). This spirt of innovation and growth marked the true beginning of the boom in product development which continues to this day under the same name, but this time trademarked.