Preeclampsia And Pregnancy Paper

Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) is defined as diastolic blood pressure >90mm Hg and systolic blood pressure >140mm Hg. It is a syndrome with either pre-eclampsia-eclampsia or gestational hypertension (figure1). (Sharma). Between these conditions Pre-eclampsia Is associated with higher mortality and morbidity rates in both mother and fetus and causes complications in 3% to 8% of the pregnant women (Jennifer), .The underlying pathogenesis for the development PIH is not clearly defined granger). Many studies hypothesized preeclampsia is mainly due to placenta ischemia leading to maternal endothelial dysfunction.(granger, granger). Although there are standard guidelines for the treatment of hypertension in non-pregnant patients but treatment modalities for treating hypertension in pregnant patients is not clearly defined (mgee) .Anti-hypertensive drugs remain the mainstay of treatment of PIH. Methyldopa, a centrally acting antihypertensive drug is a drug of choice for the treatment of PIH as it is most effective and well tolerated.(Sharma)

Preeclampsia (PE) is a multisystem disorder complicating 5-7% of all pregnancies that manifests abruptly with a variety of maternal clinical symptoms (e.g. hypertension) and remains a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. The traditional definition of preeclampsia according to the ACOG (American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists) criteria refers to the onset of high blood pressure (140/90 or higher) after 20 weeks of gestation in a previously normotensive woman 62, 63. The most severe cases are characterized by a variety of other clinical disturbances including proteinurea (≥0.3 gr/day), edema, neurologic involvement, epigastric pain, impaired liver function, thrombocytopenia 62 and are often associated

As woman age, they will find that pregnancy can be extra hard on the body, causing health issues such as high blood pressure, with some woman developing preeclampsia. Preeclampsia, a pregnancy-induced hypertension disorder which affects both mother and fetus poses the real possibility of impacting renal function along with the development of HELLP syndrome. When a woman develops this HELLP syndrome they are a risk of hemolysis; the breakdown of red blood cells, elevated liver enzymes, and low plate count putting her a greater risk of complications that cause death (Preeclampsia Foundation, pg1). The only known way to cure this disorder is to deliver the baby and placenta, even if the baby is premature because not only can this kill the mother, but it has repercussions for the fetus as well. When it comes to the fetus, preeclampsia causes an inadequate nutrition supply because of the insufficiency of the placenta to regulate how the fetus gets its nutrients, which can lead to growth retardation and further heath compilations later in life (Lapidus MD,

Preconception health is one of the most important things to mitigate the risk of adverse health outcomes for women and neonates by improving knowledge and health prior to conception. Preconception care and early development of

Jane Johnson shows many symptoms and tests positive for tests that indicate that she has Preeclampsia. We know this because Jane’s symptoms, which she mentions in her letter, include new onset hypertension and swelling which also happen to be common symptoms of preeclampsia. Preeclampsia can also cause women to rapidly fluctuate in weight and Jane states that, while also explaining how she is experiencing swelling in the ankles, that she has suddenly started gaining weight. Jane also claims that the source of her high blood pressure is anxiety, as she is inexperienced in motherhood, but coupled with her other worrying symptoms, and with the fact that preeclampsia is often found in women experiencing their first pregnancy provides many reasons to conduct urine and blood tests.

Sherry is a 39yo, G1 P0 female, who is now 37 weeks 3 days, who is admitted with preeclampsia and vaginal bleeding.

Thank you for the opportunity to again participate in the care of Ms. Melissa Williams, who currently is inpatient with expectant management of her severe preeclampsia. She has had fairly controlled BP’s on her current regimen reported as hydralazine 10 mg t.i.d. and labetalol b.i.d. Her BP’s since the time of our last consultation have remained in the mildly elevated range, mostly in the 150’s to low 160’s over 80’s to 90’s. On review of her labs it appears that her liver function tests started to increase yesterday and on review of today’s labs her platelet count has decreased down to 130,000 and she has an elevation in her liver function test with an AST of 113 today and ALT of 135. With the liver function tests more than

Women over the age of 35, women with a history of spontaneous abortions, cigarette smoking, ETOH use, recreational drug use, high doses of caffeine, uncontrolled maternal diabetes mellitus (DM), uncontrolled maternal hypertension (HTN)

Alterations in the TLR 4 gene are common in preeclampsia patients and even more with those with HELLP syndrome, leading an autoimmune related disorder and sever hypertensive disorder during pregnancy. The hypertension can lead to liver damage and proteinuria.7,8

Preeclampsia – is a result of generalized vasospasm. In normal pregnancy, vascular volume and cardiac output increase significantly but blood pressure will remain normal because pregnant women develop resistance to effects of vasoconstrictors such as angiotensin II. In preeclampsia, peripheral vascular resistance increases because women are sensitive to angiotensin II and they may also have a decrease in vasodilators. Vasospasms decreases the diameter of blood vessels, which result in endothelial cell damage and decrease EDRF (endothelium-derived relaxing factor). Vasoconstriction impeded blood flow and elevate blood pressure, and decreased circulation to kidneys, liver, brain and placenta. Decreased blood flow to kidneys reduces

By managing your weight and following a nutritious diet, exercising regularly, and avoiding potential harmful substances like lead and radiation can decrease the risk of complications during pregnancy and protect the infant’s development (National Institutes of Health, 2014). Pregnant women with existing conditions such as diabetes and high blood pressure are at risk of preeclampsia/eclampsia therefor should take extra precautions monitoring their condition (National Institutes of Health, 2014). According to the article The Global Impact of Preeclampsia and Eclampsia by Leila

On 9/27/14 a 26 y/o, 38 weeks and 5 days pregnant woman was admitted to Bellevue Women’s Center in Niskayuna, NY, showing signs of severe preeclampsia accompanied with vaginal bleeding. Preeclampsia is a pregnancy specific condition which presents with hypertension, increased urine-protein concentration, and systemic inflammation. Preeclampsia can eventually lead to placental hypoxia and ischemia which can result in hypoxic injury to the tissue of the fetus in utero (1). In addition, preeclampsia is the precursor to maternal eclampsia. Eclampsia is a condition in which maternal seizures occur which are not caused by any underlying condition other than pregnancy. The most effective treatment in prevention of eclampsia caused by preeclampsia

Preeclampsia, HELLP syndrome and eclampsia are part of a spectrum of hypertensive disorders specific to pregnancy, which are a leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity worldwide (Lowdermilk, Perry, Cashion, & Alden, 2015). The root cause of preeclampsia is the placenta: in a healthy pregnancy, the muscular components of the uterine spiral arteries are replaced by cytotrophoblastic tissue from the fetus which then erodes the myometrium, causing the arteries to widen and lose their vasoconstrictive properties (Gilbert, 2010). This increases the diameters of the uterine spiral arteries to 4 to 6 times their nonpregnant size, allowing increased blood volume to flow to the placenta. In preeclampsia cytotrophoblastic tissue fails to widen the maternal spiral arteries, and the pressure in the maternal vascular system increases and defective placentation (defined as decreased tissue perfusion in the placenta) occurs. Ischemia in the placenta triggers the release of antiendothelial factors that are toxic to endothelial cells, leading to endothelial cell dysfunction. Because endothelial cells line all the blood vessels, this leads to multiorgan system involvement. Destruction of endothelial cells in the blood vessels causes decreased production of vasodilators such as prostacyclin and nitric oxide. Preeclampsia affects 2 to 7 percent of first time mothers, and is most common in mothers younger than 19 or older than 40 (Lowdermilk, Perry, Cashion, & Alden, 2015).

Pre-eclampsia is a condition that only pregnant women develop. It is when the placenta doesn’t work in the way it should. In the womb, an infant survives because of the placenta. It provides the infant with much needed nutrients and oxygenation. The condition makes the placenta only give nutrients to the brain and heart, and depletes the needed nutrients to the rest of the infant’s organs (First Candle). This results in the infant’s demise. The most common signs that a woman has developed it is high blood pressure and high levels of the electrolyte protein in her urine. In addition to those symptoms, the mother’s hands, feet and legs will exhibit signs of swelling. Pre-eclampsia develops into eclampsia when it is undiagnosed. There is no cure for pre-eclampsia and that is why it is so dangerous. Usually when a woman is diagnosed with the

Preeclampsia casuses new onset hypertension and proteinuria which is a marker of kidney damage and can also cause damage to other organs like the brain and the liver.