Prefrontal Lobotomy

Walter Freeman, seen as one of the founders of the procedure, changed drastically upon its discovery. To start, Freeman partnered with a fellow surgeon in order to be able to offer the procedure. As the ability of lobotomies wore thinner and became more frowned upon in society, Freeman basically ignored the surrounding evidence and continued on with the procedures, even traveling to promote its benefits. Due to his early found success, Freeman became a huge piece of the lobotomy puzzle. However, when everything came crashing down on him, the only thing that didn’t change was himself. His involvement with the lobotomy procedure brought him to be dehumanized from his old self as he was one of the few who felt the procedure had benefits, despite the evidence surrounding

This would not have been possible in a genocidal totalitarian regime such as the Nazi Third Reich. The book “ The Nazi Doctors” by Robert Jay Lifton talks about genocidal acts committed by Nazi doctors and their experimentations. The book talks about the concept of healers becoming killers. Sometimes taking doctor prisoners and obligating them to act against their will. As a result, these doctor prisoners felt responsible for those who couldn’t get any help from them. As doctors are supposed to be healers but without the necessary tools most of the time that was impossible to

lobotomy helps the patient, they truly know it will lead them over to the chronic side, one of

Individual who were having illusions or were delusional had a hole drilled in their skull in order to get rid of the spirits. If that person was still alive, the procedure was successful

Frankenstein is a fictional story, however the universal theme of lack of ethics in scientific experimentation can be pulled from this story and applied to modern times. During World War 2, Nazi scientists performed grueling experiments, utterly blinded by what they were doing in a pursuit to learn the secrets of life. Joseph Mengele, infamously known as the “Angel of Death”, engaged in human

If you are not familiar with the word phlebotomy, it simply refers to the practice of drawing blood for the purpose of lab testing. Those who do this type of work are referred to as phlebotomists, and becoming one can be a fast track to a career in the health care field. The following are among the best reasons to think about pursuing this type of employment.

Mengele – The doctor violated this principle simply by harming his subjects. Dr. Mengele performed numerous experiments to include surgical procedures without anesthesia, collection and harvesting of tissue samples, and murdering subjects to facilitate a post-mortem examination (United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, ND). Dr. Mengele’s experiments demonstrated no beneficence for his subjects.

This could be because in "Ethics in Medicine" by A.R. Jonsen one of the category's is to show respect for the patent. "Is the patient unwilling or unable to cooperate with medical treatment? If so, why?" Is one of the questions in the are you showing respect to the patent category, of the article by A.R. Jonsen. Charlie Gordans doctors in "Flowers For Algernon" were at first not going to use Charlie, but as stated in the March 4th-8th progress report they decided to use him because of his motivation. This could show that Charlie wanted to be smart so having the surgery honored his wishes, and therefore the doctors respected him. Although Charlies wishes were to be smart forever, not to be smart and then dumb. So the doctors still failed to be respectful and ethical towards

Howard was made to get the medical procedure called a lobotomy done at the age of 12.

Accessed 21 May 2018. Levinson, Hugh. “The Strange and Curious History of Lobotomy.” BBC News. BBC.com, 8 Nov. 2011, http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-15629160.

Oliver Sacks is a very famous doctor of neurology as well as a writer. He spent most of his adult life treating patients. Oliver Sacks mostly concentrated on disorders of the brain and nervous system. In a lot of the cases that Sacks dealt with, there was nothing he was able to do to heal the patients. His goal was to find a way to live with and accept their condition as well as possible. Sacks enjoyed dealing with cases mostly about experiences of real people struggling to live with unusual conditions. That’s where he wanted to find ways to help these patients to the best of his and medical ability out there. Throughout his cases he studied he came across patients who had different

During the early to mid 20th century, not much was known about mental illnesses or what caused them, which was the way it had been for many years before. One of the somewhat common perceptions about mental illness was that these disorders were caused by possession or negative spirits. This can be most likely be attributed to the wide influence of the catholic church and the belief that exorcisms or psychosurgery could possibly cure incurable or intractable mental illnesses. Psychosurgery developed into the more common procedure known as a lobotomy, where the connections between the prefrontal lobe and the prefrontal cortex are cut with the intention of freeing the patient from delusions and side effects of other mental illnesses. Lobotomies began as a surgical procedure which needed to be performed in an operating room, as it required holes to be drilled through the scalp and into the skull. This meant that though the procedure was seen to show some

The Nuremberg Doctors Trial of 1946 is the preeminent case recognizing the importance of medical ethics and human rights specifically about human research subjects. The defendants in the trials include Nazi leadership, physicians, and investigators prosecuted for conducting unethical and inhumane medical experiments on civilians and prisoners of war resulting in extreme pain, suffering, permanent injury and often death. The Nuremberg Code, borne of these trials, establishes ethical guidelines for human experimentation to ensure the rights of subjects in medical research. Herein, this writer will first identify and discuss ethical dilemmas presented in the Nuremberg case followed by three

The two psychological interventions that were administered to McMurphy while in the mental institution were a lobotomy and shock therapy. A lobotomy is the removal of the portion from the frontal lobe of the brain. This procedure’s main goal is to eliminate aggressive or violent behavior. This invention took place in 1935 by Dr. Antonio Egas Moniz. However, by the late 1940s the realization those individuals undergoing lobotomy procedures took place without initiative became apparent. Although the methods of a lobotomy have changed the basic underlying idea of neurosurgery exists today in the form of “psychosurgery” (Encarta 2000). Shock Therapy uses electric current or drugs to control psychotic disorders. In 1933, Dr. Manfred Sakel used drugs and instituted insulin shock to control mainly Schizophrenia. In 1938, Drs. U. Cerletti and L. Bini used electroshock therapy to treat severe depression (i.e. manic depressive psychoses). Alternating current through the brain using parallel

Similarly to the physical pain, there was emotional and mental consequences that can never be altered. For example in a radio report, Ed Bradley describes how the procedures that were done on unwitting patients left them “emotionally crippled for life” (Mk-Ultra/Mind Control Experiments). The brain is one of the most important and sensitive organ in the human body. Experiments made by the CIA agents and other institutions like hospitals, colleges, and prisons used drugs, sensory deprivation, electroshock, and many other procedures that damaged an individual. A person forgets who they are and begins to go crazy and when it is done by someone, that is an unethical action. Additionally, Dr. Mary Morrow was a physician who was feeling the effects