Pregnancy And Birth Related Complications

Abortion, for the vast majority of people is not a subject that is easy to talk about. According to the World Health Organization, out of the 211 million pregnancies, 46 million end up in abortion and 18 million of those abortions are done in what WHO considers unsafe conditions (World Health Report, 2007). Unsafe conditions are defined by WHO as, “ abortions performed by people lacking the necessary skills or in an environment lacking the minimal medical standards, or both” (World Health Report, 2007). The maternal death rate for women who have unsafe abortions is 350 out of 100,000, and there are other complications that are not fatal but can lead to disease or disability (World Health Report, 2007).

Maternal mortality represents more than the loss of lives for individual women, as it also reflects the larger value and prioritization of women 's health and threatens the health and survival of families, young children, and even the communities in which they live (Royston and Armstrong, 1989). Maternal mortality is unacceptably high (WHO, 2015b). Globally, approximately 830 women die every day from pregnancy- or childbirth-related complications (ibid.). The causes of maternal mortality are predominately preventable and can be classified into three fundamental causes: (1) medical - consisting of direct medical problems and pre-existent/coexistent medical problems that are aggravated by pregnancy, (2) underlying - social and legal conditions, and (3) health systems laws and policies that address availability, accessibility, and quality of reproductive health services (PHP et al, 2011).

Adverse birth outcomes (ABO), such as preterm and low-birth weight (LBW) are often reactions to the inhalation of nicotine or use of other substances, domestic violence and poor dental hygiene resulting in gum disease. Other association has been linked to the attributes of socioeconomic status (SES), education level and occupation status on birth outcomes, as well. With these causes showing both biological and sociological consequences, it is then not surprising the effects that can be seen in all ethnicity. Along with these studies well noted, other research suggest that one particular racial group due to underlying factors may be at a greater disadvantage then the rest. The minority groups facing additional influence are that of the African-Americans (AA) women, whom studies show that the effects of stress and racial discrimination “direct or indirect” (Hilmert, Dominguez, Schetter, Srinivas, Glynn, Hobel, Sandman,2014). experienced throughout their lives, predisposes them to increase incidence of adverse birth. Suggesting a deeper look at AA women and stressors encountered in order to understand how to decrease adverse birth outcomes in this group

Women’s unequal social and economic status has led to lower levels of political participation and representation and worst health outcomes. We address the Triple Aim to improve healthcare outcomes and experience for women by focusing on maternal health. We address costs reduction by the expenses associated with loss of life and productivity loss. We are interested in the associations among maternal health and women’s political participation of women.

Anne Murray states that, “Women’s health is so much more than medical issues; it is cultural, political, economic, and above all, an issue of social justice” (From Outrage to Courage, 2008, p.1). Women’s health is an issue of social justice in a sense that fairness and equality should be primordial in the health care system. Social justice aims to support the wellbeing of all individuals regardless of differences. Unfortunately, little has been done to promote and improve women’s health. An analysis of social and economic circumstances that affect women’s health in development reveals that: inequality in health care in terms of poor health and poverty affect the health of women. In Amnesty International, “Deadly Delivery” and “From Outrage

When it comes to childbirth many women say it is the best experience they go through in life. But women who are in prison say other wise. Being pregnant and locked up is one of the worse and hardest experience in life for them. It is not because they are pregnant in prison but it is the treatment they receive before and after the birth. Some of the women say they get great treatment but others say the treatment is horrid.People in the real world are debating if the treatment of pregnant women in prison is proper or if the treatment needs to be changed for the good or for the bad.

Many Afghan women are horrifically losing their lives during or after childbirth. The trend in that country is to have as many children as possible so they have a greater chance in getting into heaven. Men in that country act opprobrious in American terms because they don’t care about the wellbeing of the mother of all the children. The prescience of the death of the mother could be helped, but the methods are not commodious for everyone. Sadly this trend is not an aberration and many fatal pregnancies go without proper care of the mother. There are many apropos ways that women are being helped in this patriarchal country such as more hospitals, advancing medical fields and more

In 2013, 289 000 women died during pregnancy and childbirth and it was estimated that everyday 800 women all over the world died from childbirth or childbirth-related problems (World Health Organization, 2014). Often, maternal mortality is found to occur more often in developing countries than developed countries. Maternal mortality refers women who died from the situation like during pregnancy, termination of pregnancy within 42 days, regardless of duration and place of pregnancy, from aggravation caused by the pregnancy or pregnancy management (Nwagha et al, 2010). Maternal mortality may be resulted from direct or indirect cause. Direct causes are from obstetric complications of pregnancy, labour, and puerperium, and interventions whereas indirect causes are from the worsening of current conditions by pregnancy or delivery (Givewell, 2009). This paper aims to examine the causes for maternal mortality in both developed and developing countries and will end with a proposal for government to ensure women are given reproductive health rights.

      Throughout the years, our brain shape has changed in result of the nutrition received. The amount of nutrition received is the biggest factor with regard to the change in brain size. Therefore, the sufficient nutrition increased the size of the brain. In result, the increased brain size created advanced cognitive functions.

Chapter four had very interesting information when it came to prenatal care, complications during birth and, new mothers. The first main point is prenatal care which is very important for the mother. When the mother is on her first trimester they have many benefits, they will learn on what they have to eat and what they have to do also what they have to avoid. The second main point, is the complications of birth. Any birth can be complicated but young mothers can be more at risks during childbirth. Also by a baby being breech it can cause a emergency c- section where the mother is rushed to the emergency room and is having a c- section. Breech is when the child is not in the position that he/she has to be, their head has to be down in order

According to Iudici, Bertoli, and Faccio (2017) the authors use the term “disability” to describe anyone who may have difficulties with mobility, such as, pregnant women, injured people, women with congenital problems and customers carrying shopping bags. There were three conditions present that made women with disabilities a target to criminals: proximity (being more exposed to motivated attackers), easy sex (vulnerability), and fewer defenses (lack of protection or access to justice).

Maternal mortality is shockingly high. Close to 800 women die from pregnancy or child labor related complications while 99 percent of those deaths being in developing countries. There are many causes of maternal mortality two of them being girls of the age of 15 and under getting married and having babies, and families having inadequate access to health services.

The root of the problem lies in paucity of education and supplies. Young girls need to be educated on safe sex practices, and women need to be sufficiently knowledgeable on how to properly deliver and care for a baby. This means before, after, and during the birth. In addition to this, it's almost impossible to create a safe childbearing environment without specific medical supplies and equipment. Thankfully, with new leadership in the country the numbers are gradually beginning to decline. Be that as it may, the path to correct this issue is still long and rocky; they need our help. In order to further mitigate the high numbers of maternal and infant deaths in developing countries, we need to donate not only supplies, but our time as well. We need to send volunteers with donations and plans to educate women and young girls on pregnancy, delivery, and safe

In a case where a pregnant woman is involved in a crash or an accident which leaves her brain dead, it is rare that her wishes are known involving what she would want in this type of situation. If the mother 's wishes are unknown, the care plan would then be left to the family to decide. It should be the family’s choice on whether or not to keep the mother on life support or not until the baby can be delivered. If the hospital does not allow the family to make this choice, it may make the situation worse, especially if they both do not choose the same method of action. When the family is considering their options, they should take into consideration the baby 's chance of survival. If the mother becomes brain dead when the baby is 24

The leading causes of death and disability for Somali women of reproductive age are complication during pregnancy and childbirth, lack of access to skilled birth attendants, narrowly spaced births, early adolescent marriages, and female genital mutilation/cutting. Maternal mortality in Somalia is high and on the rise, it’s significantly higher than that of other developing countries. Country make steps towards reducing maternal mortality rates in Somalia. Cost is the main reason why mothers deliver at home and don’t seek help, even when there is a local clinic. By providing mothers with good nutrition and access to services without asking for payment, more women will seek out the care they need and that more lives will be saved.