Pregnancy Induced Hypertension

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication characterized by the development of hypertension and proteinuria in the second half of pregnancy. There is currently no definitive cause, however, it is thought to result from disturbed development of the placenta, leading to endothelial dysfunction and systemic inflammation. Syncytiotrophoblast extracellular vesicles (STBEVs) are produced when the syncytial placental surface is shed into the maternal circulation. We hypothesized that this would cause vascular endothelial cell dysfunction via activation of the multi-ligand lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein scavenger receptor (LOX-1). This could then initiate a cascade of events. One of the effects of LOX-1 activation is the production of reactive

The main purpose of this article is to see what factors can contribute to the risk of induced Hypertension and Preeclampsia during a pregnancy. This article states that Preeclampsia and Hypertension can cause maternal morbidity. In this article they assess the exposure to chemicals or a physically demanding workload to the cause of a hypertensive disorder during a pregnancy.

A pheochromocytoma in a pregnant patient is one of the most threatening medical conditions for mother, fetus, and physician. Although extraordinarily rare with a frequency of 0.002% of all pregnancies, this tumor is notorious for its devastating consequences. As in non-pregnant patients, the signs and symptoms are quite variable but not specific, with hypertension being one of the most prominent signs. Confusion with the much more prevalent forms of pregnancy-related hypertension is the main cause of overlooking the diagnosis. If undiagnosed, maternal and fetal mortality is around 50%. Conversely, early detection and proper treatment during pregnancy decrease the maternal and fetal mortality to <5 and 15% respectively. For the biochemical diagnosis,

Although , ephedrine was considered as the drug of choice as a vasopressor in obstetrics it not take the superiority. [21-23] It was reported that the administration of ephedrine increases the blood pressure of the mother by its beta-adrenergic action , so preserving uterine and placental blood flow, while other vasopressors which have a pure alpha-agonist were associated with a decrease in this blood flow.[7] However, previous studies observed that ephedrine has a similar efficacy as other vasopressor and causes fetal acidosis.[24] As regard to ephedrine group, this study observed hypotension in 37.9% of

When a woman is pregnant, any risk to herself or her baby is a significant problem. How many women suffer from Preeclampsia? Out of five to ten women. A woman who had a normal blood pressure before pregnancy can develop high blood pressure and excess proteins in her urine after the first twenty weeks of pregnancy. When this occurs a woman is told she has a disease named preeclampsia, which puts her baby and herself at risk. Preeclampsia grows unexpectedly after twenty weeks, with a high increase in blood pressure, excess proteins in her urine, extreme headaches, nausea, dizziness, sudden weight gain as sudden symptoms as sudden signs of sickness.

Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a continuing blood pressure reading at or above 140 mmHg systolic and a diastolic reading of 90 mm Hg or higher. Hypertension is divided into two categories primary hypertension and secondary hypertension. Primary hypertension is the most common and it is simply hypertension that does not have an identified cause. With secondary hypertension, the high blood pressure reading is being caused by some other factor that can normally be identified and controlled such as with sleep apnea (Lewis et al., 2014, p. 712).

Thank you for responding. It is clear that to prevent a complication in pregnant women with preeclampsia is to administer certain medication such magnesium sulfate, and sometimes induce labor or C-section. I am not an Obstetrician and Gynecologist nurse, but I think is hard to believe not to treat the high blood pressure on these patients who may be at risk to develop other complications like seizure or stroke. Anyway, that piece information that you have submitted was very interesting and informative at the same time. One think that I like to the science of medicine is the continuous evolution. This science is not static, but movable. That helping us to keep on continue to research so we can be up to

According to Iudici, Bertoli, and Faccio (2017) the authors use the term “disability” to describe anyone who may have difficulties with mobility, such as, pregnant women, injured people, women with congenital problems and customers carrying shopping bags. There were three conditions present that made women with disabilities a target to criminals: proximity (being more exposed to motivated attackers), easy sex (vulnerability), and fewer defenses (lack of protection or access to justice).

Preeclampsia is a disorder that can happen after 20 weeks of gestation and characterized by high blood pressure (BP≥140/90 mm Hg) and proteinuria. This syndrome occurs in 2–8% of pregnancies and lead to 25% of the perinatal morbidity and mortality all over the world. (1. Williams J. W. williams Obstetrics. chapter 40, section 11-1 2014. Reproductive Tract Abnormalities.) Factors that may increase the occurrence of preeclampsia include: obesity, diabetes, nulliparity, chronic kidney diseases, chronic hypertension before pregnancy, immune disorders, family history of preeclampsia, twin or multiple pregnancy and a personal history of preeclampsia. The activation of maternal inflammatory system due to abnormal placental development, which induces

Pregnancy induced hypertension is a complication characterized by high blood pressure (more than 140/90) swelling due to fluid retention and presence of protein in urine (Proteinuria). Pregnancy induced hypertension affects 5-10% of pregnant woman. It is more commonly seen during first pregnancies.

Hypertension impacts nearly 25% of the adult population around the world. It is considered one of the foremost risk factors for mortality, and is responsible for 13.5% of all deaths. In addition, half of all strokes and ischemic cardiac disease are triggered from high blood pressure (Pepin et al.2014). According to the newest guidelines, hypertension is defined as a systolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 140 or a diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 90 (Jin, 2014). Systemic hypertension remains one of the most modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease. In hypertensive patients, between 12%-27% require at least 3 medications to achieve sufficient control; these patients are considered to have resistant hypertension. Furthermore, those with resistant hypertension have a 50% greater chance of experiencing a cardiovascular event in comparison to those without resistant hypertension, and according to the literature, the numbers of cases are increasing (Martinez-Garcia et al. 2013).

Hypertension is called "the silent killer" because often there are only mild symptoms and sometimes no noticeable symptoms at all.

Aspirin is used in an effort to prevent preeclampsia due to its ability to correct a disproportion of thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin. However, “a large double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial conducted in the United States enrolled 2539 women and found that low-dose aspirin did not significantly reduce the incidence of preeclampsia” (Townsend & Drummond, 2011, p. 247). Currently, aspirin is not recommended by the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists who are at low risk for this condition.

Hypertension is defined as persistent increase of blood pressure in human body. A pregnant women is considered high blood pressure when the systolic reading is greater than 140 mmHg and diastolic reading greater than 90 mmHg. High blood pressure in pregnancy is also known as ‘gestational hypertension’. Gestational hypertension could lead to development of a condition called preeclampsia. Initially, gestational hypertension is a new onset of high blood pressure after the 20th weeks of pregnancy without the presence of proteinuria and end-organ dysfunction, while in preeclampsia, which is a multi-systemic disorder will causes proteinuria and organ dysfunction1. When there is grand mal seizures happens in preeclampsia pregnant women, it is known as eclampsia1. Eclampsia is a severe end of preeclampsia which may leads to death.

•Long-term problems associated with eclampsia is high blood pressure if the eclampsia is not treated early on during the