well as enhancing opportunities for couples to have multiple births within one pregnancy. As stated earlier, the birth of mUltiples such as twins, triplets, quadruplets, etc. is exempt from the One-Child Policy since it occurs from one pregnancy. In 2005, a hospital in the eastern city ofNanjing reported a sharp increase in the number of twins and triplets delivered jumping from a yearly average of20 sets to 90 sets (BBC News, 2005:1). The medical advancement of fertility drugs has allowed couples to have better reproductive success, despite the odds against them. The final and maybe most controversial adaptation hailing from the implementation of this policy is the unequal gender ratio (Hesketh and Xing 2006). This unequal gender ratio may …show more content…
In 1981, the sex ratio at birth for the majority of provinces in Mainland China were slightly higher than 106, which is the number generally regarded as the upper limit of a normal SRB (Lai 2005:317). After the subsequent census in 2000, it was found that the sex ratio at birth increased to an extremely high level for all the provinces except one, Xizang which had an SRB of97.43 favoring more females than males. The highest SRB in 2000 was 138.01 in the province of Jiangxi (Lai 2005:320). Additionally, the provinces of Anhui, Henan and Guangdong had each an SRB greater than 130, with several other provinces with an SRB close to 130 (Lai 2005:321). As demonstrated through this census information, China has experienced a great shift in the sex ratio at birth favoring more males than females. In addition, female infanticide is also more common, which decreases the amount of females within the society even …show more content…
This unequal gender ratio may cause many problems for the availability of prospective spouses. There may not be one universal definition of marriage that applies to all societies; however, no matter who constitutes as the spouses in the marriage union, (e.g. male-male, male-female, femalefemale, male-intersex, female-intersex, or multiple partners) there usually tends to be a public ceremony recognizing this relationship, a creation of ties between the two intermarrying families, and specific rights and obligations for each spouse. Ember and Ember define marriage as a "socially approved sexual and economic union, usually between a woman and man" (2007:161). This union is considered to be more or less permanent, whereby including reciprocal rights and obligations between the two (or more) spouses, and between spouses and their future children. Historically, Chinese society has accepted monogamy as the most common form of marriage; however, some forms of polygyny are also present. With the scarcity of females within the population, should China expect to see polyandrous marriage practices emerge? Given the historical context of Chinese preference of sons and male dominance and no current documentation of this practice within China, I believe that the
"China's sex ratio at birth, the cost of which will be born by an estimated 30 million or more Chinese men will be looking for a wife in 2030 but unable to find one." "The one child policy in combination with a traditional preference for sons." (Document E) The one child policy mixed with traditional preference had ruined the sex ratio in China, causing more men to be born than females. Many Chinese men will have a hard time finding a wife in
While china One child Policy was aimed for improvement, the policy has caused some serious social consequences. The New England Journal of Medicine 's article "The Effect of China 's One-Child Family Policy after 25 Years" discuss the social consequences of Chinas One child policy. The One child policy in china begin when Chinese governments viewed population containment as a benefit for living and economic improvement. They created a one child policy that limits the size of families, the policy also includes regulations regarding marriage, spacing and childbearing. The strict policy is controlled with rewards and penalties, it applies to minorities of china which are Urban residents and government employees with the exception of one-child families, first children with disabilities and workers in high-risk work settings. The policy three social consequences concerning population growth, the ratio between men and women, and the ratio between adult children and dependent elderly parents. Each social consequences causes disastrous results. The policy is a sex imbalance that creates social consequences. The sex imbalance is what causes the different social consequence with undesirable effects. The first social consequence is decrease in population growth. Population growth in china has declined in the past 25 years. The policy has prevented many births as stated in the article " Chinese authorities claim that the policy has prevented 250 to 300 million births. The total
Because a lot of families wanted their only child to be a boy, they would abort females during pregnancy. In addition to this causing loss of life, it made it so that there were more boys than girls. Document E says that "an estimated 30 million or more Chinese men will be looking for a wife in 2030 but unable to find one" (Document E). Also, because of the harsh restrictions, families in China would suffer emotionally from "not being allowed to determine your family's size, [or] being coerced into terminating second pregnancies..." (Document
Although the One-Child Policy in China had downfalls, the benefits overcome. In fact, many believe China’s One-Child Policy was not a good idea and had many flaws. I strongly believe China’s One-Child Policy was a sufficient theory in assisting environmental crises, strengthening feminine power, and revealing benefits of having singleton
After a large increase in population, the Chinese government decided to step in and create the one-child policy. To enforce their new policy, the government issued high taxes and fines for couples who violated the policy. If a couple’s first child is a girl, they can request to have another child but only if it has been five years and they have been considered eligible. That also contributes to the culture’s preference for male offspring. Male offspring can carry on the family name so to a culture that holds strong family values it is ideal to have a son. This want for male children is causing China many problems. China is now facing a gender gap that has started to affect the Chinese economy. By the year 2035, twenty percent of China’s population will be over the age of 65. That is twenty percent of the workforce gone, with no one to replace them. Leaving all the economic pressure on the younger
In the past thirty years the number of incarcerated women in the United States increased by 646%, it is estimated that 6-10% of these women were pregnant at intake. “An Examination of Care Practices of Pregnant Women Incarcerated in Jail Facilities in the United States,” is a study that examined the pregnancy related accommodation and health care provided for regional jail populations. Prior to this study no other study examined regional jail populations, they strictly focused on prison populations. This study is a quantitative survey of common practices and policies implemented across 53 jail facilities in the United States as a function of geographic region. This survey was administered through phone or email to employees
612). The 1950 Chinese Marriage Law brings Chinese people the freedom of choosing mates. However, with the traditional ideology, same-sex marriage still hasn’t passed in China, and it still has a long way to accomplish. Also, the practice of bigamy, which means marrying to someone while having a legal marriage with someone else, is prohibited in both regions, and this law indicates the equality between two people. Another similarity is the faith and loyalty to marriage. The 4th Article of Chinese Marriage law states that couples should be loyal to each other; respect is essential for couples (“Marriage Law of the People's Republic of China,” 2011). In the same way, loyalty and commitment are important foundations to form marriages in
Most females are not respected and are heavily pressured by their parents. Many Chinese women are expected to be in arranged marriages and are not respected in their family or the work-place. Woman that aren’t even born yet suffer from infanticide. If the parents came to find that they were having a girl from ultrasound- they would abort that child and try for a boy causing pre-birth ultrasounds to be banned. “Negative social consequences, particularly sex discrimination. With boys being viewed as culturally preferable, the practice of female infanticide was resumed in some areas shortly after the one-child policy took effect.” (Document E) “I hate to say it but the one-child policy should party be blamed for some social issues in youth today.” “She wished she has a brother or sister to share all the attention.” (Document F) This evidence supports the claim that the one-child policy was a bad policy because women have always been culturally no preferable, causing unborn females to be aborted.
China’s one-child policy was implemented in 1979 by Deng Xiaoping to limit China’s population growth, under the belief that overpopulation would inhibit its economic growth (History of the One-Child Policy). The policy restricted couples to only have one child, unless they were of an ethnic minority (Pong, 168). It was later amended in 2002 to include allowing two only-child parents to have two children, and allowed rural families to have another child if the first was a daughter (China’s One-Child Policy). On October 25, 2015, the Chinese government repealed the one-child policy in favor of a two-child policy because of the massive gender imbalance that it had caused (Taylor). Principally led by the much reviled establishment of the one-child policy, China’s abundance of males compared to females dramatically altered the demographics of the country, leaving millions of men unable to have a family, damaging the traditional cultural aspect of the Chinese family (Brooks). The disproportion originated from a traditionally boy-favoring Chinese culture and the future economic support a boy promised, while widespread use of ultrasound technology caused a decrease in births of girls (Brooks). Although successful in its goals of limiting population growth, the one-child policy, because of the Chinese cultural and economic support boys provided, had the unintended consequence of creating a gender imbalance, resulting in
China's one child policy was incredibly negative towards its people. In China, boys are culturally favored over girls, because of this the practice of infanticide has become more common due to the policy, this is stated in Imbalance and Discrimination where it is stated, "With boys being viewed as culturally preferable, the practice of female infanticide...was resumed in some areas shortly after the one-child policy went into effect" (Document E). This quote demonstrates the negative effects to come out of the one child policy, because parents can only have one child, parents in China will want a boy over a girl as it is more culturally
Twenty years ago, twin births were radically lower, with twins being more frequent than other multiple births. With technology becoming more advanced and people who normally have problems becoming pregnant can use in vitro fertilization, people
Breeched pregnancies are something that 13 percent of women in the United States have to deal with. There is not always something that can be done about the breeched pregnancy, and sometimes they baby is just more content that way. It can be a long difficult process deciding what is best for the baby, but there are a lot of options that you can choose from so that you and your baby get the best treatment possible. However, there is a lot of research, stories, and studies about breeched pregnancy that might shine a little light on what is happing to both the baby and the mother.
According to the United Nation’s data, the total fertility rate of China was 5.7 births per woman in 1969, and it declined to 2.8 births per women by 1979. This remarkable
According to the United Nations the recommended sex ratio at birth (SRB) for a country is 107, meaning that for every 100 females born, 107 males are born . The average SRB for industrialised countries lies between 104 and 106 , therefore looking at the figures for many Asian countries, we can see that something is clearly wrong. With many countries where the SRB is well above average,
China is quickly becoming a very prosperous nation. There is one aspect, however, that threatens to derail its rise to prosperity, the exponentially high birth rates. To combat China’s growing population, government officials enforced an anti-natalist policy known as the One-Child Policy. Ultimately, the policy “amounted to an assault on China’s system of gender norms and roles” (“Family Planning”). With the implementation of China’s One Child Policy, sex preference among babies has become evident. Socially, it has been the duty of a woman to “obey her father as a child; her husband as a married person; and her son as a widow” (“Confucianism: Woman’s Way”). In regards to the