Premature Birth Research Paper

According to the World Health Organization (WHO, 2016), preterm birth are the birth that happened before 37 ended weeks of pregnancy and is one of the number reason of newborn deaths and the second prominent cause of deaths in children below five. The preterm babies have chances of an amplified risk of illness, disability and death. In the first weeks, the complications of premature birth may include: breathing problems, heart problems, brain problems, temperature control problems, gastrointestinal problems, blood problems, metabolism problems, immune system problems. Long-term complications includes cerebral palsy, impaired cognitive skills, vision problem, hearing problems, dental problems, behavioral and psychological problems, chronic health issues.

Childbirth is one of the greatest privileges on the earth anyone could have and we, as women, should feel proud to be major contributors for it. Thus, a mother has to play a key role in aiding the healthcare workers to mitigate the health crisis associated with childbirth by performing her duties faithfully. One such associated health crisis is “Premature (preterm) birth” which occurs when the baby is born too early, before 37 weeks of gestational period (CDC, 2015). The rate of preterm birth ranges from 5% to 18% of babies born across 184 countries (WHO, 2015).

Premature birth has been linked to a vast array of lungs problems, the earlier the birth the greater risk of health complications(Davis R and Mychaliska G, 2013). A majority of the health problems will affect the infant for the rest of their life (Davis R and Mychaliska G, 2013). Infants born between the canalicular and the saccular period (week 25) have lung development that is unsuitable for gas exchange (Davis R and Mychaliska G, 2013). Two major complications that arise with undeveloped lungs is bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and pulmonary arterial hypertension (Mahgoub L. et al. 2017).

The prenatal period is when quick changes in the fetal organs are vulnerable to organizing change and stability but also building internal working system to trigger emotional responses (McEwen et al. 2013). It is a critical time for brain development and the PFC (McEwen et al. 2013). It exposes a selection of long -term modifications on brain development and behaviour (Entringer et al. 2009). Prenatal exposure to stress affects hormones in the body including the physiology and anatomy that relate to increasing drug levels, cortical communication and more (Entringer et al. 2009). Fetal stress is any event that interrupts a fetal process in stability in the body. (Entringer et al. 2009). During pregnancy, maternal stress impends the fetal nervous system and shortens the length of maturation due to many issues and concerns affecting the mother (Entringer et al. 2009). During pregnancy, maternal psychosocial stress threatens the fetal nervous system and contracts the length of gestation (Entringer et al. 2009). High levels of placental corticotrophin- releasing hormone

Approximately 740,000 women per year use at least one illegal substance during their pregnancy (“Birth Defect Statistics”). These substances can range from marijuana to cocaine. Premature birth is defined as the birth of a child on or before thirty-seven weeks of pregnancy. There are around 500,000 premature births per year (“Preterm Birth”). It is hard to directly correlate premature birth solely to drug use, since most women that use illicit drugs during their pregnancy also smoke and drink. However, a recent study shows that around sixteen percent of women that only use drugs during pregnancy have given birth to a premature infant, and these are only the women that admitted to using these drugs (“Causes and Risk Factors”). Negative effects

Despite countless medical advancements and technology, preterm births continue to plague the nation as a public health issue. Preterm births have become a devastating issue that has caused government agencies to intervene. There are a variety of risk factors that may contribute to a mother delivering a child preterm, such as smoking, lack of prenatal supplements, and social disadvantages, which may cause severe stress (Räisänen S., M. Gissler , J. Saari, M. Kramer, & S. Heinonen S 2013). Any combination of these risk factors may increase a mother’s chance for delivering a child preterm. During the preterm period, infants are placed at a

As a father who has personally experienced the struggles and hardships of having a premature child, I feel like giving you information on this subject is a lot easier for me to share than most things. I will preface by sharing my son 's experience; he was born at 26 weeks gestation, weighing 2 pounds, 6 ounces, and spent more than three months in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) that was available in Columbus, Georgia. A large amount of families with infants in the NICU asks what the outlook for babies born earlier than 28 weeks might be? Less than 1 percent of babies in this country are born this early (earlier than 28 weeks), but these babies have the most complications despite great technological advances in medicine today. Premature children born at an extremely low birth weight (less than 2 pounds, 3 ounces) almost always require treatment with oxygen, surfactant, and mechanical assistance to help them breathe (even if for a short period of time until they can breathe on their own without assistance). These babies are too immature to suck, swallow, and breathe at the same time, so they must be fed through a vein (intravenously) until they develop these skills to do so. They often can not cry (or you can 't hear them due to the tube in their throat causing a kitten-like groan), and sleep most of the day to allow for growth and development outside of being in the womb. These tiny babies have little muscle tone,

easier for the doctor to work with the baby and keep the skin's stress levels

Firstly, we need to understand that our scientific view of preterm birth has changed over the years. According to popular knowledge, preterm birth is when a mother delivers too soon, but Roberto Romero, M.D., D.Med.Sci., chief of the Perinatology Research Branch of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development located at Wayne State University and the Detroit Medical Center, along with multiple scientists are researchers have come to the conclusion that preterm birth is not one problem, but a soup of multiple problems that need to be addressed (“Advances”, 2014) In fact, it can be drawn that preterm birth is not an event, but a disorder with many factors. One example is

In today's society, biomedical health issues have been rising, and due to both the media and very opinionated people being involved, these issues have brought much controversy to the medical world. Child mortality and premature birth is just one out of many of the controversial health topics out there, however with a countless number of children who are affected by abuse and parental negligence, it can be argued as one of the most important controversial topics. With scientists and doctors performing many studies on premature children, it is crucial that both parties are aware of what is going on and that tests are not performed without consent. While premature birth can be

However, the Sudden Infant Death aha a lot of effects that affects some families. Imagine how you will feel when when wake up the next morning and find out that your baby is dead without know the cause of the death of the child. It will be really sad for a newly married to face a situation like this. This type of death is not a death that I would know before it happens. “Studies have shown that the loss of a child, especially a sudden loss, is among the most traumatic, devastating losses for any individual or couple to experience. It affects the family for the rest of their lives and Faced with the absence of an explainable cause, families struggle greatly with their need for understanding their baby’s tragic and sudden death. In their lifetime, they may never have all the answers”. (Impact of Sids)

Another part of the information I gathered was Miguel’s parents did not have a very good health insurance or they did not have any health insurance at all to stay in the hospital until he was at an ideal weight to go home. Being born at 5 pounds, Miguel was a premature birth. Premature births can be caused by high blood pressure, trauma, chronic illness, or lack of nutrients and oxygens (Hellmann, 2009). In addition of not being able to stay in the hospital, Miguel had refused to latch on and nurse. According to Hoecker (2015), this refusal to latch on could be brought on by Miguel’s stress level, having breathing problems, or finding it difficult to latch on properly. All of these stresses have put Miguel on a path of challenges he will have

Preconception care is the care a woman receives before she gets pregnant. Prenatal care is medical care you get when you’re pregnant, so you can recognize the different between the two. Both of them are important for the health of both the mother and the fetus. A preconception checkup helps your health care provider make sure that your body is ready for pregnancy. Prenatal care can help keep you and your baby healthy. It lets your health care provider spot health problems early. Early treatment can cure many problems and prevent others. Your doctor or midwife will give you a schedule for your prenatal visits. If you are over 35 years old or your pregnancy is high risk because of health problems like diabetes or high blood pressure, your doctor or midwife will probably want to see

Prenatal development, also known as antenatal development, is the process of the development of a human fetus during pregnancy, from fertilization of the egg until the birth of the child. There are many factors that can contribute to the development of the fetus and many threats that can impact it. Most prenatal development occurs in a normal manner, however; there are many things that can go wrong during this vulnerable time and usually are caused by genetic or environmental factors. While the hazards that threaten the development of a fetus can be easily steered clear of, dangers do exist and should be recognized to ensure the fetus undergoes complete and healthy maturation.

Pregnancy is normally the best and the happiest stage of any woman, but it can also be uncertain because anything can go wrong if you do not know exactly what to do. In order to understand the reasons of why Preterm Birth occurs, it is important to know what it is and how risky it can be. Preterm Birth is also known as Premature labor which mainly begins after “20 weeks but before 37 completed week’s gestations. Approximately 12.9 million babies worldwide are born too early every year representing an incidence of PTB of 9.6%” (Berghella, pp. 2, 8). Baby Center Medical Advisory Board says that about 12 percent of babies