Prenatal And Routine Postnatal Hiv Screening

One important Healthy People 2020 initiative to discuss is the prevention of Sexually Transmitted Infections. The goal set through Healthy People 2020 (2015) is, “To promote healthy sexual behaviors, strengthen community capacity, and increase access to quality services to prevent sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and their complications.” This health care initiative is important through-out the lifespan. It is important when trying to prevent transmission from mother to child and during sexual contact between adolescents, young adults, middle-aged adults, and the elderly. During the pregnancy and birthing process it is important to identify TORCH infections that can be acquired congenitally from mother to offspring. These infections can be transmitted during the birthing process and through breast feeding. It requires important education and prevention measures to help reduce the risk of morbidity and mortality (Stegmann & Carey, 2002). This group

According to the CDC, about 18 % of those infected with HIV in the United States are unaware of their infection. An estimate of 1,000 young people ages 13 to 24 are newly infected with HIV each month. HIV is transmitted through bodily fluids such as semen, blood, breast milk, and vaginal fluids. These fluids can come in contact between people in a variety of ways, including having unprotected sex (oral, vaginal, or anal); HIV can also be passed from mother to child during childbirth. Mother to child transmission is now rare in the US and other developed countries because pregnant women who are HIV-positive are normally given medications to prevent the fetus from getting infected. However, it is possible for an HIV-infected mother to

The document examines the Newborn Screening: Genetic Diseases: Blood Samples Collected Bill No. 170, introduced by Assembly Member Mike Gatto on January 22, 2015. The law requires to amend Section 125000 of, and to add Sections 125003, 125004, and 125005 to, the Health and Safety Code, relating to newborn screening. According to the bill, the State Department of Public Health is required to establish a program for the genetic disease testing and follow up services for newborn children. All newborn children statewide are subject to a screening, unless it violates their parents’ or legal guardians’ religious beliefs and practices.

Screening takes place using a tool created for the state, the prenatal risk screening instrument which requires primary caregivers to complete a form detailing background information about every mother during her first obstetric appointment. The information is meant to assist doctors in identifying and beginning conversations about factors that may cause a high-risk pregnancy such as smoking or alcohol use. The completed forms are also submitted to West Virginia officials to be used in statistical analysis with the goal of further improving prenatal care. (West Virginia Perinatal

In October 2015, Côte d’Ivoire revised its national PMTCT policy once more to adopt WHO’s Option B+ guidelines recommending that all pregnant and breastfeeding HIV positive women initiate lifelong triple ART, regardless of CD4 count and clinical stage8.

The article shows a correlation between the lack of prenatal care with infant mortality, and inadequate prenatal care with low birth-weight. Additionally, White women who delivered on a private service and received inadequate prenatal care experienced only slightly risk of low birth-weight. On the other hand, White and Black women who delivered on general service and received inadequate prenatal care experienced significantly higher risk of low birth-weight.

The United States is trying to eliminate health disparities by expanding access to health care for vulnerable populations. The CDC has made efforts to the solutions to eliminate the HIV health disparity. The following are priorities for future action: “1) enhancing and improving partnerships; 2) increasing screening and testing for diseases in populations with known health disparities; 3) adopting an integrated service model to improve health care delivery; 4) improving monitoring through the enhancement of current data systems and the development of new systems; and 5) adopting new diagnostic, treatment, and prevention technologies” (Steele, 2007, p. 7). In 2006 the CDC released Revised Recommendations for HIV Testing of adults, adolescents,

Peragallo, N., Deforge, B., O'Campo, P., Lee, S.M., Kim, Y.J., Cianelli, R., & Ferrer, L. (2005). A randomized clinical trial of an HIV risk reduction intervention among low-income Latina women. Nursing Research, 54,108-18.

R. (2011). Newborn screening: ethical, legal, and social implications. Annual Review Of Nursing Research, 29113-132. doi:10.1891/0739-6686.29.113

Infant and Maternal mortality rates have declined in the past 60 years because people are waiting till adulthood to have babies. Teen pregnancy used to be common and during that time, their bodies aren’t developed well enough to have a baby. As well as the medical field have made huge advancements in technology and protocols. Prenatal testing can be used to make sure the baby is healthy. Amniocentesis tests are used to check your baby for potential defects or disorders. CVS tests remove chorionic villi cells from the placenta to check for chromosomal abnormalities. Doctors and nurses wash their hands more and more effectively now, stopping the spread of bacteria. Medication helps the mother with pain, stress, blood pressure, and helps the baby

The HIV and AIDS pandemic remains one the most serious development crises in the world (WHO, 2006). Women and children bear a disproportionate share of the burden, and in many settings continue to experience high rates of new HIV infections and of HIV-related illness and death. In 2005 alone, an estimated 540 000 children were newly infected with HIV, with about

Taking another tack, Prabhu et al. (2011) analyze the cost-effectiveness of interventions that focus on identifying and treating persons with HIV early in their disease course. Such early intervention is effective for limiting the impact of the disease (for instance, by using highly active antiretroviral therapy [HAART] to slow its progression). Thus, researchers used the progression and transmission model to compare the cost-effectiveness of HIV screening in two settings where early diagnosis is likely—sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics serving MSM, and hospital emergency departments (EDs)—versus inpatient units, where later diagnosis is more likely. The model indicated that screening patients in STD clinics, where HIV is apt to be least advanced, the most cost-effective approach.

The community diagnosis that is examined and outlined in this health promotion paper is a knowledge deficit of immunization among parents of children diagnosed with HIV ages 6 months to 18 years related to not knowing the sources of information as evidenced by increased amount of HIV cases in Orange County for the last three years. According to Florida Charts (2012), 1324 people died in Orange County due to HIV cause in 2010 though 2012. It is well-known that most of the risks of acquiring a disease are highly modifiable if understood by population, and applied correctly. Healthy People 2020 addresses this issue by acknowledging that HIV is one of the vital causes of death in the United States, and outlines that HIV is reached through prevention, detection, and treatment of risk factors (USDHHS, 2012).

Prevention of mother to child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PMTCT) has been a documented burden on HIV infected expectant mothers and their infants and nowhere is such a burden more felt than in areas with limited resources – particularly in low income countries and communities (3,4). Once a woman becomes pregnant, HIV screening is strongly recommended. Upon screening and being identified as HIV positive, it is advised that the mother begin a lifetime regime of antiretroviral therapy (ART), as without ART, HIV transmission from mother to child is between 15% - 45% (3,4). The prophylactic use of ART in the prenatal and postpartum stages is crucial in preventing transmission of the virus from mother to child during labour and while breastfeeding (11). It is also crucial that the newborn be treated with ART for at least six weeks or longer if the infant is being breastfed (11).

Methods: From 2004-2014, the APIN/Harvard PEPFAR program supported antenatal HIV screening for nearly one million pregnant women and provided PMTCT care to over 30,000 women. The care cascade for women enrolling in the PMTCT program includes antenatal, delivery, and infant follow-up services through 12-18 months of life. In this retrospective cohort analysis, we examined data collected between 2004-2014 from 31 clinical sites in Nigeria and assessed the numbers of mothers and infants enrolled and LTFU at various points along the care cascade.