Pressure Ulcer Prevention For Long Team Care ( Ltc )

According to, the European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (EPUAP), National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (NPUAP) and Pan Pacific Pressure Injury Alliance (PPPIA) classification system (2014) pressure ulcers are categorised into four stages depending on their severity. Stage one: skin still intact with non-blanching, redness with swelling present. Stage two: the skin breaks open or forms a blister without slough and is usually tender or painful. Stage three: pressure sore becomes worse, slough may be present and extends into the tissue beneath the skin where subcutaneous fat may be visible but bone, tendon or muscles are not exposed. Stage four: pressure sore becomes very deep reaching into the muscle or tendon causing extensive damage with necrosis. However, pressure ulcer staging is dependent on visible skin characteristics therefore misclassifying pressure-related injury can remain undetected for days or weeks before a purple discolouration of the skin appears (Mallah, Nassar and Badr, 2014).

Critically ill patients are at increased risk for pressure ulcers. Hospital -acquired Pressure ulcers are serious clinical complications and that can lead to increased length of stay, pain, infection and potentially death. Nurses have the primary role in the pressure ulcer prevention. The study assessed nurses’ perceptions of the usefulness and impact of a pressure ulcer prevention care bundle intervention on clinical practice. So it is imperative to understanding nurses’ assessments of interventions when interpreting results and translating evidence into practice.

THE FINAL DRAFT PICOT STATEMENT AND RESEARCH CRITIQUES: In Hospitalized Patient that are immobilized does the knowledge of the Registered Nurse on pressure ulcer prevention methods Vs the attitudes of the nurse towards pressure ulcer prevents clients from developing pressure ulcers throughout their length of stay in the hospital.

The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Medline and Scopus and Google Scholar were utilized. The literature review encompasses related research on pressure ulcers in elderly, in the community, and home setting. The composite search generated articles mainly in the acute care, community (sub-acute and nursing homes) and very (use a different word) few in home settings. The filtered articles were manually searched reading the abstracts and then the final selections of ten related

The research article "What influences the impact of pressure ulcers on health-related quality of life? A qualitative patient-focused exploration of contributory factors" was recently published (2012) in the Journal of Tissue Viability by Gorecki, Nixon, Madill, Firth, and Brown. This is a qualitative study.

While nurses encounter patients with pressure ulcers in home care and acute care settings, they are mainly a problem with elderly adults in long term care facilities. This is because of decreased sensory perception, decreased activity and mobility, skin moisture from incontinence, poor nutritional intake, and friction and shear (Stotts and Gunningberg, 2007).

Pressure ulcers are one of the most common problems health care facilities often face which causes pain and discomfort for the patient, cost effective to manage and impacts negatively on the hospital (Pieper, Langemo, & Cuddigan, 2009; Padula et al., 2011). The development of pressure ulcers occur when there is injury to the skin or tissue usually over bony prominences such as the coccyx, sacrum or heels from the increase of pressure and shear. This injury will compromise blood flow and result in ischemia due to lack of oxygen being delivered (Gyawali et al., 2011). Patients such as those who are critically ill or bed bounded are at high risk of developing pressure ulcers (O'Brien et

Pressure ulcers have a direct effect on patients and health care organizations. These effects will be discussed below, first looking

A pressure ulcer is a localized injury to the skin usually over bony prominence, as a result of pressure, or pressure in combination with shear. It is estimated that 5 to 10 percent of patient admitted to the hospital acquire a pressure ulcer and it result in increased suffering, morbidity and mortality. The policy titled Pressure Ulcer Prevention and Managing Skin integrity provides direction for the nurses to prevent the development of pressure ulcer. It

Pressure Ulcer is a breakdown of skin appears on the skin over a very thin or bony prominence

Pressure ulcer prevention requires a team effort, involving physicians, nurses (including wound, ostomy, and continence nurses), dietitians, and physical therapists. Studies have demonstrated that comprehensive pressure ulcer prevention programs can decrease incidence rates, although not to zero. For optimal effectiveness, pressure ulcer prevention must begin as soon as patients enter the

Pressure ulcer is an adverse outcome in the clinical care setting that also linked to poor quality of nursing care. Though pressure should never happen in a professional care setting, it is still prevalent throughout the world’s medical settings. This article looks at many other previous studies from 1992 to present to compare and find the underlying issues that may contribute to pressure ulcer. A closer look at the nurse’s knowledge versus actual decision will be observe, because it is the key factor in pressure ulcer prevention.

A common health concern seen in the elderly, especially those within institutions, are pressure ulcers. A pressure ulcer is defined as a localized injury to the skin or underlying tissue that occurs when something keeps rubbing or pressing against the skin. Pressure on the skin causes a decrease of blood flow to that area and as a result, an ulcer may form because of the skin dying due to the lack of blood in that region. They generally occur over bony prominences such as, the buttock, elbow, hip, heel, back of the head and ankles. An ulcer has a greater chance of forming if the person uses a wheelchair or stays in bed for a long period of

Pressure Ulcer/ Deep tissue injury is the damage to the skin under or the underlying tissue which cushion the prominent and heavy parts of the body while sitting and lying. Pressure Ulcer develops when the blood supply throughout the layers of the skin diminished by the weight of the body imposed on the skin while the patient is lying or sitting for long period of time. The c blood pressure in capillaries under the skin is about 20 to 40 mm Hg. Consequently, when the body exert weight or pressure on the skin, it leads to hypo perfusion. Once the pressure ulcer developed, then the pressure ulcer is described and treated according to the stages of damage has occurred. Stage 1 sign and symptom is non-blanchable erythema on skin upon pressure,

Pressure Injuries—often referred to as pressure sores, bed sores, pressure ulcers or decubitus ulcers—are the injuries, sores, inflammation or ulcers in the skin over a bony prominence due to constant pressure or friction. The common sites for pressure injuries are sacrum, heels, elbows, ankles, hip, knees, occipital bones and shoulder blades (Harris, Nagy &Vardaxis, 2010, p.1404). A shearing force or a frequent pressure on a bony prominence tends to block the blood supply which leads to ischemia or cell death. Elderly, incontinent, wheelchair or bed-bound individuals are prone to pressure sores. However, it also depends on the individual’s skin integrity and weight (Brown & Edwards, 2012, p. 239). The pressure injury can affect any person of any age. Therefore, every patient requires an assessment for risks regardless of gender, age or weight. A pressure injury can develop with both the high pressure for short duration and low