Preventing Surgical Site Infection ( Ssi ) Is Paramount For Healthcare Professionals

Surgical site infections (SSI) occur in 2 – 5% of ‘clean’ non-abdominal surgical procedures (Rothrock, 2007). Staphylococcus epidermidis is the most common cause for SSI in Orthopaedic surgery (NICE, 2008). Guidelines were produced by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) to try and reduce this infection rate and include a preoperative phase, (including hair removal and antibiotic prophylaxis), an intra-operative phase and postoperative phase.

5. Poulin,P., et al.(2014) Preoperative Skin Antiseptics for preventing surgical site infections: What to do?

As a hospital, quality care should be a priority for patients that are going to be treated for a sickness, or any type of procedure that is going to take place. A lot of times a patient gets an infection while they were at the hospital, on top of being treated for what they original came in for. Health facilities should be environments of healing, which they are, but they also have tons of various types of germs and infections, which grasp onto individuals that have weak immune systems/are sick. Some infections that are at hospitals are Tuberculosis, VRE, VAP, C-Diff, UTI, and MRSA. Preventive measures to stop the spread of the infections is lacking tremendously in the work and aim to provide safety for all patient’s health. The work

The majority were male patients 234 which is 60.9% ( mean age 54.72 years , age range 18 to 81 years). About clinical aspects; 319 (83.1%) patients had one or more baseline disease, 264 (48.6%) had hypertension, excess weight (BMI = 25-29.9 kg/m^2 ) , 98(54.1%) classified with severe systemic disease. Regarding surgical aspects; coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) was implemented in 187(48.7%) patients and Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone Iodine as an antiseptic for skin preparation was used in 158(41.1%) patient for surgery preparation. Fourteen types of microorganisms were recognized in the results, 12 (12.3%) patients got Staphylococcus aureus out of 36(9.4%) patients. Regarding the most used antimicrobial therapy for the treatment of SSI were Cefepime Hydrochloride, Vancomycin , Imipenem + cilastatin sodium and Oxacillin sodiaum nine. Patient stayed in ICU; mean length of patient with SSI was 19.08 days (ranging from 4 to 70 days) and mean length of patients without SSI was 4.95 (ranging 2 to 15 days). Total period of hospitalization; mean for patient with SSI was 33 days (ranging from 6 to 76 days) and mean for patient without SSI was 8.24 (ranging 3 to 29 days). According to bivariate analysis, results showed statistical significance (p < 0.05) between SSI and gender, HBP, DM, COPD, type of surgery, duration of surgery, duration of intubation, reintubation, duration of ICU stay, and total

Research shows that Surgical site infections are preventable. According to the CDC, hand hygiene is the simplest approach to preventing the spread of infections and needs to be incorporated into the culture of the organization. Ensuring the use of infection control prevention is an important component of nursing care. Infection control prevention policies must be communicated undoubtedly to all employees. Staffers who do not comply must be re-educated to ensure that all are complying. Speaking up and pointing out that a nurse forgot to wash his or her hands, or notifying the surgical team that surgical instruments were not adequately cleaned may seem like small issues; but at the same time, not acknowledging a break in a sterile technique could mean the difference between life and death for a patient. One hospital that was struggling with high levels of infection related to surgical procedures, implemented a pre-procedure huddle as a team. This innovate way decreased the spread of infection and was a great way to improve the quality of care for patients. As mandated by the Joint commission, infection prevention personnel should provide multidisciplinary education on SSI prevention, to all team members, including

In 1992 the US National Nosocomial lnfection Surveillance (NNIS) system (Horan T C et al 1992)9 attempted to redefine post operative infection. This system has provided a greater discrimination for the patients at risk of developing wound infection. The NNIS system include-

Health facility approved clean, freshly laundered surgical attire has been shown to aid in containing the shedding and dispersal of skin cells into the environment. Surgical site infections (SSI) has proven to be a major problem for both the hospital and patient. Because the human body is known to be reservoir for bacterial and other microorganism. The purpose of the surgical attire is to protect the patient and staff by maintaining a limited microbial spread. In order to maintain a clean environment and adhere to OSHA regulations, surgical attire must be

In the United States, surgical site infections (SSIs) are considered the most common complication of surgeries. With half of the occurrences being “deemed preventable according to evidence-based strategies” (Berrios-Torres et al., 2017, p. 784), it is valuable to promote numerous methods that can be implemented to decrease the prevalence of SSIs to reach a better quality of care and to improve patient safety. The purpose of this paper is to discuss various preventive measures that can be put into practice to conclude which approaches result in a higher success in preventing SSIs, specifically in post-hysterectomy patients.

Surgical Site Infections (SSI) has a plethora of risk factors with in the operating room (OR). It is considered a SSI if a patient returns to the hospital within 30 days post operation with a superficial incision complaining of pain or tenderness or showing symptoms of purulent draining. If a patient has a deep organ space incision they have 30-90 days post-operative to be classified as a SSI. Surgical site infections are of the utmost concern because they account for the majority of nosocomial infection, 14% to 20%. Annually, they cost the United States roughly $3.5 to $10 billion in increased hospital costs, or $400 to 30,000 per infection (Bohl, et al., 2016). Organizations strive very hard to have all of their patients leave and to

The subject researched in this study is that of lowering rates of infection in the operating room. The search term used for researching this subject was 'lowering infection rates in the operating room'. This search term was input in the Pubmed database and returned five studies. Each of the studies was queried by abstract and reviewed for relevant information. The second database used for research in this study was the AHRQ (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality) database and the term used for research was 'operating room infection rates' which yielded 49 results. The five most relevant studies by title were chosen and then compared using the AHRQ comparison of

* Hand washing is the most important method of preventing the spread of infection by contact (Ayliffe et al 1999). The Nottingham University Trust Policy on Hand Hygiene (2009) states that there are three types of hand hygiene, the first is ‘routine hand hygiene’ which involves the use of soap and water for 15 – 20 seconds or the application of alcohol hand rub until the hand are dry. The second is ‘hand disinfection’ which should be used prior to an aseptic procedure by washing with soap and water and applying alcohol hand rub afterwards. The third is ‘surgical hand washing’ which is the application of a microbial agent to the hands and wrists for two minutes. In addition to which a sterile, disposable brush may be used for the first surgical hand wash of the day although continued use will encourage colonisation of microbes. The third example is the most appropriate to any O.D.P undertaking the surgical role as it is the best way for the surgical team to eliminate transient flora and reduce resident skin flora (World Health Organization 2010). The first and second are important to any O.D.P undertaking any other role within the Operating Department as this is the best way to reduce the transient microbial flora without necessarily affecting the resident skin flora

Surgical site infection can become a serious post-operative complication leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Postoperative surgical site infections in addition to undesirable health outcome also increase hospital stay, cost and postoperative recovery. Most frequent microorganisms which cause postoperative surgical site infections include Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and Pseudomonas. The main research problem identified in the reviewed article was a surgical site infections related to the surgical scrubs as a vehicle for delivery of micro bacterial organisms introduced into sterile environment. The author described frequency of occurrence of surgical site infections and factors which influence surgical site infections

According to the World Health Organization (WHO) (2016) surgical site infections (SSI) are the most frequent health associated infection (HAI) in low- and middle-income countries. There is an 11.8 per 100 incident rate for surgical procedures. Despite the fact that the United State of America is considered a high-income country, it is the second frequent HAI in the USA. The WHO has established comprehensive evidence based guidelines taking into account the differences in resource availability, values, and preferences of different populations.

Ethical challenges are the most profound when dealing with patient safety; compliance with the prophylaxis antibiotic administration guidelines is paramount to a surgical patient in order to decrease the possibility of a post operative surgical site infection. Antibiotic timing requires

Postoperative surgical site infections according to Nichol (2001) remain a major source of illness in surgical patients. Beaver, (2008) point out that surgical infection is one of the side effects that occur after a patient has gone for surgery.