Prevention Of Diabetes And Pre Diabetes Essay

Diabetes affects over 180 million people in the US and is projected that by 2025 this figure will increase to 300 million.

In order to combat the epidemic of type 2 diabetes in America, a series of subsidies and social programs promoting and mandating nutrition and exercise for weight loss should be created with the trillion dollar budget. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in America is rising and has doubled over the last 30 years to 23 million (Campbell). Currently, it costs the nation about $90 billion a year to treat the complications of type 2 diabetes (Hoerger). Added with the co-morbidities of type 2 diabetes, namely cardiovascular disease, obesity, and kidney failure, it becomes apparent that drastic measures are needed. In order to combat this epidemic, the U.S. Congress is proposing to use a trillion dollars to do whatever it takes to reduce the

This essay will focus on type 2 diabetes, which is becoming one of the fast growing chronic health conditions in the United Kingdom (UK). Approximately 700 people are diagnosed with type 2 diabetes each day in the UK (Diabetes Uk, (2014)a). It is costing the NHS about £10billion pounds each year to treat diabetes along with its complication and it is expected to rise in the next couple of years (Diabetes UK, (2014)b).

Pre diabetes (or borderline diabetes) is not only associated with elevated blood sugar level. It is also connected with insulin resistance and excessive fat accumulation. However, functional anomalies within the body are not the only factor connected with it. The medical community has determined that there are underlying risk factors which are possible contributor to its occurrence on certain individuals.

When you have pre-diabetes, your blood sugar levels are high but not high enough to have diabetes. Pre-diabetes can lead to other serious problems, such as type 2 diabetes and heart disease. Now is the time to take action to manage your pre-diabetes. This may help to prevent other problems.

American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommends to use the HgA1c to diagnose prediabetes and diabetes (Silverman, 2011). This is because HbA1c has several advantages over glucose test; they are: no requirement of fasting, can be obtained any time, predicts risk of microvascular complications, information on 120 days of glycemic control and, not affected by stress and exercise (Sacks, 2011). HbA1c of 6.5% indicates diagnosis of diabetes and 5.7% to 6.4% indicates prediabetes (Silverman, 2011). However, the accuracy of HgA1c depends on the normal life span of erythrocytes. HgA1c may not give accurate information in certain situation; Some of the situation are: hemolytic disease, individual with blood loss, chronic alcoholism, uremia, hyperglyceridemia,

In the United States People 65 years or older has diabetes, and the aging in general population is significant for diabetes become epidemic, diabetes not limited to impact the elderly from working also has the highest mortality rate. In addition elderly with diabetes has hither risk for chronic heart disease and kidney disease (Sure Kirkman, 2012). The number of cases of diabetes type 2 in the United States increase with the increase of age. In 2007 and 2008 national survey data showed “diabetes was 18% higher among Asian Americans, 66% higher among Hispanics, and 77% higher

It is currently estimated that there are around “26 million people in the United States and 366 million people worldwide” that have the affliction know as type 2 diabetes. 1

Type 2 diabetes mellitus, a state of relative insulin deficiency with underlying insulin resistance, accounts for majority of the cases of hyperglycemia worldwide. An estimated 422 million people worldwide have diabetes [1], and this number is expected to reach 592 million by the year 2035 [2]. Almost 30 million Americans (9% of the population) have diabetes, with estimated total health care costs of $245 billion due to extensive complications, primarily micro- and macrovascular pathology.

In 2012, the United States had 29.1 million diabetics and spent $245 billion on diabetes-related care according to American Diabetes Association (Statistics About Diabetes, 2014). Nearly 95% of diabetics have type II diabetes (National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse, 2014). Type II diabetics have insulin resistance related to their peripheral tissues (Banasik & Copstead, 2013).

Type 2 diabetes is a very well known disease throughout the US. There are about 27 million people in the US with the disease and 86 million others have prediabetes which means their blood glucose is not right but also not high enough to be diabetes yet. 208,000 people under the age of twenty have been diagnosed with either Type 1 or 2 Diabetes.

Prediabetes" is a term used to describe a condition of altered glucose metabolism which falls short of a formal definition of diabetes yet confers an increased risk of progression to diabetes and/or vascular disease. The word itself has been used intermittently for most of a century, reflecting contemporary notions of diabetes, and remains controversial. Modern understanding began with the 1980 definition of diabetes which recognised the category of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) as intermediate between diabetes and normoglycaemia, and associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. Since IGT could only be diagnosed by OGTT, it had limited clinical application until the introduction of a single impaired fasting glucose (IFG) criterion by the ADA in 1997; the term prediabetes was reintroduced in the USA at that time. An HbA1c criterion for prediabetes was subsequently introduced, allowing three different routes to diagnosis. (yudkin 2014)

Type 2 diabetes is one of the most common chronic conditions encountered in the primary care setting. It is a lifetime condition that requires careful management to prevent debilitating complications, such as peripheral neuropathy, amputations, diabetic nephropathy, kidney failure, diabetic retinopathy, and blindness. It is also a cardiovascular risk factor to heart attack and stroke. Basing on my experience with my patient encounters as a nurse, most diabetics do not fully understand the severity of their condition, thus management of it is being taken for granted. Costs of diabetes care continue to increase each year, causing a huge financial strain for both the patients and the healthcare system.

Diabetes is the major cause of morbidity and mortality, and it may lead to multiple conditions (Ghafoor, Riaz, Eichorst, Fawwad & Basit, 2015). The incidence of diabetes complications can be reduced if the clients are able to control their blood sugar level (BGL), thereby reducing hospital interventions and health care costs (Kewming D 'Amore, Eleanor & Mitchell, 2016). Hence client education is said to be the corner stone of diabetes management (O’Brien, Cardwell, Nair & Hardy, 2015).

Imagine you are at a table with two other people, by 2050, one of you will have diabetes. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention predicts that by 2050, 1 in 3 Americans will have type 2 diabetes (Fleck). Diabetes costs Americans about $174 billion annually (Chan). Type two diabetes is caused by a combination of genes and unhealthy eating habits. Healthy foods are inaccessible to low income children, which has a negative impact on their health. There are programs in place to aid these low income families, but these programs are underutilized, The programs need to expand and improve to better serve their communities.