Prevention of HIV/Aids in Thailand
Abstract This paper looks at increases in the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Thailand in the early 1990 's and the action taken to address this health issue. As a solution, the National AIDS committee of Thailand took an initiative to form the "100 Percent Condom Program". This program not only made condom use a requirement but also promoted health education in regard to HIV/AIDS. One of the major sources of the spread of HIV in Thailand was the increase of the disease among sex workers. After the success of the "100 Percent Condom Program" in Thailand, it has been implemented in various other Asian countries such as Philippines, Myanmar, Cambodia, Vietnam, China, Mongolia, and Laos.
Background
The
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Globally, HIV is a huge threat to health. A large number of HIV/AIDS infected people are from sub-Saharan Africa. The life expectancy in this region is about 47 years. Without the presence of HIV, the life expectancy could be extended to 62 years. An estimated number of 20 million children had parents who died from HIV/AIDS. Mother to child HIV transmission is another global issue. Over 90 percent of 5.1 million children infected with HIV have gotten infected from their mother. Among the millions of people who are affected by HIV/AIDS, groups such as intravenous drug users, sex workers, and men who have sex with men are particularly affected by the disease. Young adults are also among the groups that are most infected with HIV. In 2012, adolescents accounted for "39 percent of all new infections and 15 percent of all people living with HIV" (HIV & AIDS Vulnerable Groups, AVERT)
Study Methodology The majority of sexual transmission of HIV occurred through the means of sex workers. Sex workers did not ask clients to use condoms because, clients preferred unprotected sex. Sex workers were not educated about HIV transmission and the threat it could have on their health so they did not use protection. As a way to fight the spread of HIV/Aids, the Ratchaburi Province in Thailand came up with the idea of "no
Our second team project answers five questions about Case Study #2, Preventing HIV/AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Infections in Thailand and Chapter 10, Introduction to Global Health. This project will talk about the characteristics of the high-risk population that permitted this intervention to work and the implications of this for replication in other settings. It will explain why Thailand is a model for programs in other countries. Since cost-effectiveness assessment was never done for this program, it will evaluate the assessments that should have taken into account in terms of costs measured.
An archetypal character is a personality that often appears in a genre across films, in The Usual Suspects there are many archetypal characters. McManus is the trigger happy hothead of the quintet, hiding nothing from any authority figure, whether it be the cops or the underling of the most powerful hidden man in the world. His complete disregard of possible consequences when he pulls a gun on Redfoot makes him a sure candidate for the role of the Rebel. Keaton was the reluctant leader of the group the only one who knew what Verbal was capable of. Verbal often turned to him for help such as defending his idea for the taxi heist, surprisingly Keaton actually respected Verbal the most, answering his questions of Keyser Soze and choosing him to
After reading the five given articles carefully there are critical points that I would like to articulate in my reaction paper. These articles provoked me to think that we are blessed to have health professional that were able to discover HIV/AIDS and the causes of Kaposi 's Sarcoma and Pneumocystis pneumonia of homosexual men in July 1981, following the report of these cases of PCP and cases of other rare life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers in America we began to recognize the importance of being aware of HIV/AIDS (Altman). Maybe not need
HIV has affected people all across the world. HIV comes with physical and mental symptoms. The body symptoms include skin flaking off, being dry, skin peeling off (Saliba 23) , fingernails falling off (32), and weight loss (14). Mentally it is hard to sleep, people become weak, and are tired all the time (23). People all across the world are infected with this disease, and the problem with this is the fact that most do not even know they have it. The most people who are infected each year are African Americans, gays, or bisexuals. 10,315 African Americans were infected in 2015. The U.S.A. has estimated about 1.1 million are infected with the disease. Equally to about 12,333 deaths happened in 2014 from AIDS related diseases, and 6,721 deaths from AIDS directly. Although there are a large amount of people getting infected, on the other hand eighteen percent of the population with HIV is declining since 2008-2014 (“U.S. Statistics”). In the world about 33.2 million people worldwide have HIV, with 22.5 million people in sub Saharan Africa are living with this condition, one out of nine people who live in South America have HIV or AIDS (Saliba 8).
Many studies has revealed that children are not receiving information about sexuality and sexual behavior from their parents, do not have the availability of physicians to counsel adolescents and adult patients on measures to prevent STDs (primarily HIV), especially if they are treated once for infections in lower-income communities. There are other factors and measures that have been issued by a number of organizations that explain why African Americans and where they live makes them more susceptible to HIV infection and AIDS.
Having a background as an administrative assistant/customer service rep and transcriptionist, I am proficient in data entry and Word, while performing a variety of other clerical tasks. The ability to research and problem solve has always been a strength of mine; but the quality that is my greatest asset is my organizational skills and making sense out of chaos. In addition, having worked remotely depended upon self-reliance and motivation with no direct supervision. Compassionate customer service is also in my bag of experience having worked in reception, inside sales, and retail.
1. Comment on the Brazilian and Indian governments’ strategies for the prevention of AIDS via the marketing of condoms.
occur more frequently in the teenagers than in older populations, and half of new HIV
The honesty box tries to bring out hidden facts behind the myths told by various researchers concerning HIV/AIDS. Some of these myths are based on the data presented which are usually inflated to favor funding and to act as a precautionary measure that AIDS exists everywhere. The book opens the ‘honesty box’ on drawbacks of medical research within the tropics. Pisani tackles highly contentious issues with zest, including the possible public health shortcoming of antiretroviral treatment, in addition to the benefits of mandatory HIV/AIDS testing. The author also presents data to show that if couples living in Thailand were to have further premarital sex, then their men would be the least likely to use commercial sex workers and the
HIV is an epidemic that is present worldwide, the disease is concentrated in sub-Saharan Africa for the most part. In context, of the estimated thirty-four million cases of HIV in 2008, twenty-two to twenty-three cases were in sub-Saharan Africa. On the contrary, 1.4 million people are infected with HIV in North America. (Sigall K. Bell, MD, 2011, p. 38). Further, the sum of global infections approximately two million are under fifteen of age. Approximately 50,000 cases a year are in the United States due to the lack of prevention, which then leads to overall prevention. Potential causes of the spreading of HIV are non-effective educational messages along with the high-risk sexual behavior. Also, this just calls for increasing chances of acquiring
HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection is a long-term (chronic) viral infection. HIV kills white blood cells that help to control the body's defense system (immune system) and fight infection. HIV spreads through semen, pre-seminal fluid, blood, breast milk, rectal fluid, and vaginal fluid. HIV is commonly spread through sexual contact and sharing needles or syringes, because these behaviors involve exchanging bodily fluids. Without treatment, HIV can turn into AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), an advanced stage of HIV infection. AIDS is a very serious illness and can be life-threatening.
Evolution is the development of different kinds of living organisms which have advanced from earlier forms during the history of the Earth. In other words, small modifications have occurred by the biological traits becoming either more or less common in a population as a function resulting from the inherited traits on the differential reproductive success of organisms interacting with their environment. Human evolution is a lengthy process of change, although scientific evidence demonstrates that the physical and behavioural traits of all living humans are extremely closely related. Numerous similar and uniquely different hominid species have existed throughout evolution, leaving Homo sapiens as the only existing hominid species
According to the World Health Organization, in 2013, more than 3 million children were living with HIV. Most causes of HIV in children is through mother to child transmission during pregnancy, breastfeeding, or during labor and delivery (Weinberg, 2016). Furthermore, only 24% of children receive antiretroviral treatment (ART), and nearly 200,000 children died of AIDS related illnesses in 2013 (Children and HIV, 2015).
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