Prevention Strategies of Communicable Diseases

The black plague, also known as the bubonic plague, swept its way across Europe beginning in 1346 A.D. , killing an estimated thirty to fifty percent of the total population. The plague was spread by fleas infected with Yersinia pestis, and was carried over oceans by hitchhiking rats and pet gerbils. The plague outbreak that decimated the population was transported by infected Christian merchants

The Bubonic Plague, also known as the Black Death, was a fatal disease that affected millions of people. Originated from China, the Bubonic Plague spread throughout Europe and made its way to Italy in 1347. (document 1) The Black Death, which covered the body with dark and livid spots, was difficult to treat. No one knew how to treat the disease nor how it began to spread.

The Black Death was one of the most life-changing pandemics in history. It was first discovered 550 years later in the 1800s by Alexandre Yersin, a french biologist. In his honor, the plague was named Yersinia Pestis. The plague traveled in two major ways. Yersin discovered that it traveled by infected fleas; the flea would attempt to feed on a human or animal and would then regurgitate the disease into the new host, further spreading the illness. Urban areas across Europe were populous with rats, which were one of the main hosts of the plague. These rodents spread the Black Death throughout cities in days. The unaffected still were not safe if they did not come in contact with an infected flea or rat. The plague also traveled pneumonically, or through the air. It caused large boils full of blood and pus, which would pop and spread. Another symptom was coughing, which was one of the many ways of proliferation. The disease eventually spread throughout Europe and killed a third of it’s population. It’s wrath caused many shortages, loss in hope, riots, and even some good things, such as many changes in art, science, and education. Therefore, the Black Death was one of the most life-changing pandemics in history.

The Black Death, also known as the bubonic plague, was a disease that devastated Medieval Europe, between 1346 and 1352 it killed 45 million people, wiping out a third of Europe's population. Today, we know that there were many causes of the Black Death. Medieval towns had no system of drains, sewers or trash collections. In such slovenly conditions, germs could grow, and diseased rats could call these medieval towns their homes and infect the people who lived there. Many historians believed the plague originated in china and spread to other countries by trade routes. Infected people and/or infected rodents such as mice or black rats. The Black Death was caused by strains of the bubonic plague. The plague lived in fleas, and fleas lived on

In the 14th century the Black Death engulfed Europe killing an estimated 50 million people. The pandemic is considered extraordinary because it did so in a matter of months. This disease was carried by fleas, the Bubonic Plague is caused by a bacteria called Yersinia pestis, found mainly in rodents, in this case in rats, and the fleas that feed on them.

Diseases have always been a threat to humans, all throughout history. One of the most destructive disease outbreaks in history was the plague outbreak which peaked in 1346 to 1353, in Europe, commonly known as the Black Death. This plague outbreak was extremely deadly and killed 30-60% of the European population at the time of the outbreak. The outbreak is commonly believed to have been caused by the bubonic plague, but modern evidence suggests that the Black Death was caused by pneumonic plague, a much more contagious and deadly infection.

The bubonic plague, also known as Black Death, is a prime example of the diseases transported throughout the Silk Roads. It is believed that this disease originally started in south China and was spread to northern China via Mongol warriors and Chinese travelers, eventually spreading westward along the Silk Roads and trade lanes to the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean. The bubonic plague is caused by the Yersinia pestis bacterium and is spread by flea bites. Usually, fleas prefer to live on rats, but the large decrease in rat population due to the Little Ice Age caused the fleas to seek new hosts. The disease was previously localized to Mongolia and central Asia because of the nomadic lifestyle, but they could survive in sacks of grain and clothing and with the increase of trade along the Silk Roads, the fleas quickly made their way across the Mediterranean. Europeans were not prepared for this type of catastrophe and consequently suspended their daily lives. Many people abandoned their houses, churches and schools closed, and the sick were quarantined inside their homes while bodies of the deceased were piled in the streets and buried in mass graves. In some cases, the infected were burned along with their belongings in an effort to destroy the disease. By the end of the initial outbreak, almost 40% of Europe's population had died and trade had been brought to a halt. The Black Death had profoundly changed the political, social, economic, religious, and cultural foundations of modern Europe (Acrobatiq,

The Bubonic Plague was a spreading disease. It infected and killed most of the population of Europe within a few years. The plague began spreading in 1348 when fleas caused this infection when they bit animals such as rats. The bacteria entered the skin through the flea bite which soon infected the lymph nodes. These rats stowed away on trade ships which quickly passed this deadly disease to humans. The Bubonic plague was very disastrous to the European society until it finally began to slow down in 1351. It killed so many people due to its rapid spreading. It lowered the religious belief and trust in God by many people in the community. Also, the local physicians lacked the knowledge of the plagues symptoms and its cure.

One of the main reasons that the plague was so devastating was the close proximity to one another and then the low levels of sanitation in addition. During this time period people bathed, but not regularly and toilets were nonexistent. Most waste was thrown out into the streets. While these conditions were around even before the plague was a whisper one heard, it only furthered the ability of many to become infected. Coming into

In the early 14th century, a terrible catastrophe fell upon Asia and Europe, the middle east and north Africa, that would change the course of history. The Black Death or Bubonic Plague was an outbreak of disease that killed one third of the European population in the period 1347-1350. It had a similarly devastating effect on nearby regions. The epidemic was caused by rats, which carried a bacterium. They in turn carried fleas which fed from their blood. When this source died, the fleas would jump onto a person and feed from their

The Black Death infected the entire continent of Europe in the years from 1347 to 1353. This bubonic plague killed over 200 million citizens, half the world’s population at the time! First, the disease infected fleas, which housed on the rats. This made the rats a transportation method for the Black Death. For example, “Each time a flea or rat bit a human, this person automatically contracted the Black Death” as stated on the History Channel. Secondly, the Black Death spread throughout the continent because of people’s travels. For instance, “It was first discovered in Europe when sailboats docked in Messina and were full of people who had contracted this Black Death,” as also stated on the History Channel. Lastly, the Black Death was a very

The Black Death, also known as the Bubonic Plague, was the most infamous plague in the world. It started in China and rapidly spread to Asia and Europe. Between the years thirteen forty-eight and thirteen fifty, it killed about twenty-five to fifty million people, roughly thirty percent of Europe’s population. There are several beliefs for the cause of this horrible plague, including: the idea of God punishing the people, the Miasma Theory, and the concept of rats carrying the disease.

Around 1339 in the northwestern part of Europe, the human population was descending due to a numerous amount of reasons. Europe was struggling with food supply, economic crisis, weather conditions, and a horrific disease known as the Black Death. The Black Death was responsible for the majority of the population. This disease has several names, such as the Black Plague, the Bubonic Plague, and etc. This horrific disease originated from fleas that lived on rats. The Black Plague spread in several ways; pneumatically or systemically. The pneumatic version of the disease was formed in the lungs, allowing it to spread frequently and easily. The systemic form was spread by being in contact with an infected person’s blood. The Black Death killed more Europeans than any other endemic or war up to that time, greatly impacting depopulation, Church life, and economy. (The Black Death; Section 1)

The Bubonic Plague and a variation called the septicemic plague was spread throughout Europe by oriental rats that carried infected fleas. Little is known to why the infection never seemed to affect the carrier rats. Infected fleas were being starved by the infection, so they began feasting upon the people they came into contact with. These fleas coming into contact with any human being would infect the human with the disease. These people were now carriers of the Bubonic plague or Black Death. These infected people would then spread the disease by coughing or coming into direct contact with another human being. However, this disease, since not being transmitted via rat would now be called the Pneumonic Plague. (www.insecta-inspecta.com).

Communicable disease is described as the infection which is transmitted from one person to other either direct or indirect (Smith, 2009). Communicable disease can occurs anywhere in the country, but knowing the basic understanding of cause, epidemiology, treatment, and prevention can control the infection and disease process. The basic knowledge about disease and prevention can help people to understand about how to control the environment and protect them from disease. There are multiple communicable diseases in the worldwide; however, tuberculosis is one of the contagious disease which killing many people in worldwide. This paper will discuss about tuberculosis disease and demographic of interest, factors that contribute disease process, role as public health nurse on prevention and organization who contributes on resolving the disease process.