Primacy Effect Report

One of the main controversial disputes regarding education is if test taking is actually a beneficial form of a learning technique for students. Within the context of Henry L. Roediger III’s article, How Tests Make Us Smarter, Roediger goes into depth upon how giving students “low-stakes quizzes” could help improve their memory as well as consistent and spread out practice. Psychology In Action, written by both Karen Huffman and Katherine Dowdell, also restates similar learning techniques within their first chapter.

2. A. The research was conducted by first paying his participants $4.50 ($30 today) to come in and take part in the experiment. The group of participants he selected was composed of 40 males between 20 and 50 who were told that the experiment was to test the effect of “punishment on learning“. There was 15 skilled-unskilled workers, 16 white-collar employees, and 9 professionals. Apart from them, there were 2 key participants, a confederate, who was actually a 47 year-old accountant and an actor who dressed as the experimenter. He decided to test the power of obedience in a laboratory which was clever on Milgram’s part. He designed a realistic looking fake scenario, complete with a shock chair and men dressed in lab coats. The most realistic component was the fake shock generator that actually quite scary-looking. It had levels of shock that went up from 30 to 450 volts and the levels were labeled to describe the intensity of the shock. The participants

here is for the specter of a quiz to always be hanging over the student where he knows he

Everyone has primacy effects to the person that he or she first meets, maybe base on the dressing, behaviors, even hair style. People always want to give others a good first impression, especially searching for a job or having an interview, because sometimes it is hard to change the formed first impression, and this first impression may decide whether they can have jobs or not. However, the absolute thing does not exist in the world. A bias named recency effect comes out. Recency effect is something may leads people to change the first impression. Perhaps just a casually action, or an accumulated over a long period hard working, the first impression will be changed. For example, Cady has a not bad impression on Regina, for Regina is really beautiful and cute, like a Barbie doll. But everything changes after Regina seduces Aaron, who is the boy Cady really loves. The first impression is ruined, Cady becomes hating Regina, and wants to revenge

form in order to be graded. Accordingly, please bring an HB pencil and an eraser to each

the ability to pass tests without understanding the material and, I contend, this is what a machine

On exam day, students will have to be prepared with a comprehensive knowledge of their chosen topics. Faculty members will ask their chosen questions of the student and, with only a whiteboard or computer projector in front of them, students will have to orally work through the program and present their answer to the panel. If the student presents a satisfactory answer to each question, they pass the

Once the student has finished the quiz the program should be able to produce a final score out of ten

In classrooms all across America, students sit perched over their desks in the process of taking standardized tests. As the students take the tests, teachers pace nervously up and down the rows of their classroom, hoping and praying that their students can recall the information which they have presented. Some children sit relaxed at their desks, calmly filling in the bubbles and answering essay questions. These children are well prepared and equipped to handle their tests. Other children, however, sit hunched over their desks, pondering over questions, trying to guess an answer. They struggle to recall information that has been covered many times in class, but they can’t.

On arriving for the experiment they were told that they would play he role of the teacher. They were to read a series of words pairs to an individual on the opposite side of a partition. They were to test the individuals' memory by giving him a word and asking him to select the correct matching word from four alternatives. Each time the learner made an error, they were to give him/her an electric shock at the touch of a lever. The individual was strapped into an electric chair while they watched. The teachers had levers in front of them labelled from 15 to 450 volts and switches labelled from slight shock to danger: severe shock to the final ‘XXX'. They were instructed to move one lever higher on the shock generator each time the learner made an error. There were not of course any shocks.

At this point, the Teacher and Learner were separated into different rooms where they could communicate but not see each other. The Teacher was then given an electric shock from the electro-shock generator as a sample what the Learner would supposedly to receive during the experiment. After the Teacher was given a list of word pairs which he was to teach the Learner. The Teacher began by reading the list of word pairs to the learner. The teacher would then read the first word of each pair and read four possible answers. To respond the Learner would press a button to indicate their answer, if the answer was wrong the teacher would shock the Learner with the voltage increasing by 15-volts for each wrong answer, if correct the Teacher would read the next word pair. The subjects believed that for each wrong answer the Learner was receiving actual shocks. In reality, there were no shocks. After a series of wrong answers the Learner would start complaining about their heart, afterwards there would be no response from the Learner at all. Many people indicated their desire to stop the experiment and check on the learner at this point in the experiment. Some paused at 135 volts and began to question the purpose of the experiment, while most continued after being assured that they would not be held responsible. A few subjects even began to laugh nervously or exhibit other signs of extreme stress when they heard the screams of the

As human beings, we are predisposed to mostly fabricate instant judgements about one another. Our ability to attempt to make distinctions between friend or foe of another human being may possibly be traced back to our early days walking this Earth. Moreover, our superior than thou minds are almost naturally wired to deduce certain attributions that may be utilized to label others of our species. It can almost be inferred that our intricate brains are constantly in motion to perceive others based on our own biases. In the field of Psychological Science, most researchers identified this manifestation as the What is Beautiful is Good Effect. To be more precise, most researchers try to engage and analysis an element of this they listed

People judge each other on a daily basis. The way an individual presents themselves, speaks, and behave are all qualities other people base their perception off of. Consequently, these inferences are quite useful in determining who you would and would not enjoy being in any type of relationship with based on surface appearance. However, people may take judging people on surface appearance too far. Therefore, although making a judgement on about a person may not be a negative inference, people take their judgmental attitude to the extreme. Consequently, they have placed themselves in a negative lifestyle which negatively impacts their mood and social interactions.

First impressions are always used in setting the tone when you first meet someone. Without the luxury of knowing the persons background, you initially judge someone by the way that person introduces themselves and how they come across to you. By coming across, I mean the way a person carries themselves. For example, if the person comes across as shy and introverted, you tend to think of that person as timid and somewhat weak. However, if that same person comes across as outgoing, confident (but not to confident) and easy to talk to, you look at that person as someone you can count on and possibly a leader. This type of evaluation (even though we all do it) is for the most part not always the right way to evaluate a person.

One of the most common disadvantages that is often mentioned for closed book exams is the fact that as far as the real world is concerned, closed book test are unrealistic. For many subjects the idea of doing a task with nothing but the sole information in someone’s head would be seen as not only absurd but actually careless. An example of this absurdity and