Primary Hypothyroidism

pituitary is not creating as much TSH. This would cause the Thyroid to stop producing T4

The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland. You would find it located in the lower neck, right below the Adam’s apple. The location is the same in both men and women. What the thyroid does is create and store thyroid hormone. It then releases the hormone in appropriate amounts to keep the body’s metabolism functioning at a normal level. If there is too much thyroid hormone, this is known as hyperthyroidism. In hyperthyroidism, the body’s metabolism increases. This condition can cause high blood pressure, high heart rate, nervousness, palpitations, and severe weight loss. Too little thyroid hormone, on the other hand, can cause tiredness, depression, memory loss, dry skin, brittle hair, and weight gain—among many other symptoms.

Taking L-thyroxine is the main treatment mechanism; therefore, medication compliance is the one of the most important part in education. The clinical effect of L-thyroxine may include normalizing abnormalities associated with hypothyroidism. Optimal treatment of hypothyroidism may lead to improvement of various symptoms. In neuropsychological aspect, patients may show improved motor skills, myopathy and depression. With treatment, patient’s overall energy level may enhance constipation symptoms may improve and weight problem may lessen if thyroid balance was a main contributor. It has been shown that treatment of hypothyroidism would also improve lipid profiles in patients (Roe, 2015).

The thyroid stimulating hormone receptors are G-protein linked and are found extracellularly in the thyroid glands. When activated, synthesis of hormonally active iodothyronines T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine) begins (Park and Chatterjee, 2005). This process begins with iodide is transported into the thyroid gland by the sodium iodide symporter found in the membrane of thyroid follicular cells (Park and Chatterjee, 2005). The iodotyrosine residues monoiodotyrosine and diiodotyrosine are then formed through iodine organification where the iodide is oxidised using hydrogen peroxide and then bound to tyrosine in the thyroglobulin (Park and Chatterjee, 2005). The residues then bind together to form the hormonally active iodothyronines aforementioned (Park and Chatterjee, 2005). Many catalytic enzymes mediate this process and are needed to ensure proper thyroid hormone synthesis. Failure in any steps of the synthesis process leads dyshormonogenesis and could be the result of genetic defects. Adequate synthesis of active thyroid hormone is necessary for the regulation of many developmental processes (Richter, C. et al.,

The thyroid may be very small and seem insignificant in the grand scheme of things, but it plays a very important role in the function of the body. The thyroid gland takes iodine (which is found in many foods) and it converts it into thyroid hormones. These hormones are thyroxine (t4) and triiodothyronine (T3). Thyroid cells are the only cells in the body which can absorb iodine. Hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism are two conditions that stem from the thyroid malfunctioning. This paper will go into the about the two conditions, the similarities, and the differences.

There are mainly two types of hypothyroidism in adults, primary hypothyroidism and secondary (central) hypothyroidism. In primary hypothyroidism, the thyroid tissue gets affected and losses functionality leading to diminished production of TH. Some causes of primary hypothyroidism are endemic iodine deficiency, autoimmune Hypothyroidism (Hashimoto’s thyroiditis), loss of thyroid function due treatment of hyperthyroidism, medications and radiation therapies around head and neck. On the other hand central hypothyroidism is caused by pituitary malfunction and hypothalamic malfunction. Congenital hypothyroidism occurs in newborns where they lack the presence of thyroid gland or has genetic disorder in TH synthesis. If not identified and treated this can severely effect child’s

Hyperthyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland, a butterfly shape in front of the neck, overproduces thyroid hormone. The thyroid gland is abundant with blood vessels and it secretes thyroid hormone (Kumar 22). Thyroid hormone influences many different internal body functions such as, metabolism, growth, development, turning food into energy, and increases body temperature. Thyroid hormone is very important for brain development and normal growth during infancy; furthermore, a newborn’s blood drawn from their heel and sent for screening determines of level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (Samuels 2). However, when the thyroid gland over produces thyroid hormone a lot of things in the body development can go wrong. The over produced thyroid hormone forces the body to expedite. It is important to know that one has hyperthyroidism, because it can result in heart, bone problems, and thyroid storm; which heart rate, blood pressure, and the increase in body temperature can be fatal. Hyperthyroidism is more common in females than males and the older a person is the more likely they will have it. Around 27 millions of American have thyroid disease, however only 14 million receive treatment. Also, stress is the main aspect that affects the thyroid gland in either over producing or under producing thyroid hormone (Kumar 22).

Hypothyroidism is a disease that affects the Thyroid Gland located in the lower part of the neck, is wrap around trachea . The Thyroid Gland looks like a butterfly, the two wings are the lobes and the middle part is called Isthmus. Hypothyroidism is disease where a person's thyroid gland does not produce enough hormones. The thyroid hormones are very important, it affects your growth, development and other cellular process. Having hypothyroidism can bring many problems to your body.

Thyroid problems are very common. There are many speculations about the signs, triggers and treatments of these health problems. The thyroid hormone regulates the metabolism. It is especially dealing with the growth and energy of the human body.

Hyperthyroidism is a condition that affects the endocrine system, specifically the thyroid organs. The thyroid organs contain glands, which are located in front of the neck and releases hormones that control varies function in the body such as metabolism, heart rate, breathing, body temperature and several other functions in the body. This condition occurs when the thyroid glands makes an excessive amount of thyroid hormone. This results in the body system process to work on overdrive and the person can experience anxiety, rapid heart beat, excessive sweating, weight loss, and sleep problems (Aleppo 2015). Thyroid gland produces the hormones, thyroxine and triiodothyronine, which are an important part of body function. Hyperthyroidism is caused

However, on the other hand a healthy thyroid produces two major types of hormones; Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3) and they both control your metabolism which is your energy pilot. It also affects the amount of calories you burn, your body temperature as well as, how much weight you will gain. There are several reason for

The diagnosis of primary hypothyroidism is made by measurement of increased levels of TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) and decreased levels of TH (thyroid hormone including total T, and both total and free T4)(McCance & Huether, 2014, p. 729). Thyroid disorders are detected by testing TSH, T4, and T3 levels in the blood. A decrease of thyroid hormone causes the pituitary gland to produce more TSH, which increase levels in the bloodstream in an attempt to encourage thyroid hormone production. This rise

The thyroid gland, which is located in your neck, produces key hormones in response to signals sent by your brain. These hormones work to increase or decrease your metabolic rate. When the thyroid gland is overactive, it is referred to as hyperthyroidism. More hormone is secreted than usual, which boosts your metabolic rate. This can cause heavy sweating, weight loss, heart palpitations, dry eyes, tremors and nervousness. Some people might also have difficulty breathing or swallowing. Treatments may include medication, radioactive iodine and in advanced cases, surgery might be recommended. The combination of diabetes and hyperthyroidism can worsen diabetes symptoms and lead to further complications. It is important to seek treatment

The thyroid gland is a butterfly shaped endocrine gland that is normally located in the lower front of the neck behind the adam 's apple and along the windpipe. The thyroid gland is very rich with blood vessels. The main purpose of the thyroid is to make, store, and release thyroid hormones into the blood which is then carried to every tissue in the body. How the works is that when you acquired iodine from the food you eat. Some food has a good source of iodine in it, for example iodine is in most foods like milk, salt, bread, etc. The Thyroid gland then takes the right amount of iodine out of your blood and uses it to make two different types of thyroid hormones. The thyroid hormones produced can be either of two different types, either thyroxine or triiodothyronine. According to the article You and Your Hormones, thyroxine is the inactive form of the thyroid hormone while Triiodothyronine is the active form of thyroid the hormone. Thyroid hormones help the body use energy, stay warm and keep the essential body organs working, for example the heart, brain, muscles and other organs. But the thyroid gland influences most of all the metabolic process in the body.

Low thyroid production affects the entire body. Initially, it makes a person feel lethargic and exhausted, even when they have gotten plenty of rest. Cold weather or rooms will become intolerable. Most people gain weight from the decrease in their metabolism too. Their hair will fall out, which leads to thin spots on the scalp. And, there are usually also signs of muscle weakness and fatigue. Some of the other symptoms that are common include: