Primary Source Analysis: The Sovereignty And Goodness Of God

Mary Rowlandson lived a normal Christian life in the colonies up to the raid in her town. The interesting part comes in when she is a White captive which switches the authority to the Native Americans. While comparing to Sojourner Truth is born into slavery and the authority has always been the White masters. Within their society, there was a difference of individual oppression that is influenced on how their masters treated them. In Mary Rowlandson’s narrative, it stated “I turned homeward again, and met with my master. He showed me the way to my son”. This emphasizes on the idea that Native Americans were not savages or abusive towards Rowlandson because her master would allow her to go see her son. And when she could not figure the way there, the master guided her back to her son. The Native Americans were more respect towards Rowlandson because she was an English woman. She was valuable to them and could be traded for something they needed. While Sojourner Truth experienced the ruthless from her master. In her narrative, it states “ he gave her the cruelest whipping she was ever tortured with. He whipped her till the flesh was deeply lacerated, and the blood streamed from her wounds–and the scars remain to the present day, to testify to the fact.” Truth endured the pain and was mistreated like every other slave. As an individual, her master could oppress Truth because he ultimately has the power over her and that relationship is accepted in their societal norms, therefore Truth did not have the strength to go against the Master. Sojourner Truth was oppressed as an individual because her master had left scars of her beating, which would remind Truth that she was nothing, but

Mary Rowlandson was a devoted, Puritan woman of the 1600’s who would eventually go on to pave the way for an entire genre—the captivity genre/narrative. She had several family members murdered and was held captive by Native Americans, but was eventually reunited with her fellow Puritans. She details her experiences in A Narrative of Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson. Rowlandson showcases her biblical typology many times and her story and a prime example shown is when she writes, “… my heart began to fail: and I fell aweeping… Although I had met with so much affliction… yet I could not shed one tear…” (Rowlandson 279). She uses typology to understand what is going on in her life and around her and this is displayed when she adds, “But now I may say as Psalm 137.1, ‘By the Rivers of Babylon, there we sate down: yea, we wept when we remembered Zion,” (Rowlandson 279). She used the bible to understand her experiences rather than to see what it is like. She wrote during a very devout, religious era and

According to Downing, Rowlandson was writing her spiritual autobiography by going through her lowest points to her somewhat higher points of her captivity. Downing says, “… she interprets her suffering as a result of divine judgment. As she continues, however, she is reminded that she can be saved by humbling herself before God …” (254). Downing said that this was a big turning point for Rowlandson and that she now saw her captivity as a form of chastisement from God rather than being punished for her sins. Downing says that, “this emphasis on chastisement is obviously intended as a lesson not only for Rowlandson herself, but for the Puritan community in general”

Soon after being held in captivity, Mary Rowlandson’s attitude started changing from hopeless to hopeful; “Oh, I may see the wonderful power of God, that my Spirit did not utterly sink under my affliction: still the Lord upheld me with His gracious and merciful spirit, and we were both alive to see the light of the next morning” (Rowlandson 131). Here Rowlandson is talking about how she is able to keep her spirit up even though her daughter is extremely sick and she has no friends to comfort her. She claims she is able to do this because of the great power of God. It seems like her mind is being uplifted by the thought of God, and she is able to focus on the good things she still has in life. I believe without her religious beliefs keeping her mentally healthy throughout all of her hardships, she would have never been able to handle her captivity as well as she did. Even after her daughter died, she is still able to keep herself together; “I have thought since of the wonderful goodness of God to me in preserving me in the use of my reason and senses in that distressed time, that I did not use wicked and violent means to end my own miserable life” (Rowlandson 132). She recognizes looking back that she could have easily decided to take her own life after losing her daughter at such a young and helpless age. It is God who protected her and kept her from doing anything bad to herself at such a low point

Throughout the stories told in both Mohawk Saint and The Unredeemed Captive, the unintended consequences of attempting to convert the American Indians to Christianity are powerful players in the unfolding events. When these Christian groups arrived in the New World, they came armed with the word of God that they wished to share among a group of people that have never before encountered the concept of Christianity. While eventually these relationships improved and Christians and American Indians began to have closer contact, there were still results from the conversion process that no one could have expected when the progress had started. In both of these stories, the unintended consequences of the encounters between Christian religious and

Religion plays a major role in the day to day lives of the early settlers in America. So much so, that early colonial writers use it as a form of literary persuasion. John Smith and William Bradford were two such writers.

Rowlandson's interaction with the "Other" and her Puritan principles reveal a larger importance to the narrator. Rowlandson feels that her captivity is directly related to God's will, and therefore believes that God is punishing her for sins she committed in her past. As a result she is determined to repent her sins to God, and devotes much of her time reading the bible, reciting scripture, and while she learns to adapt to her difficult situation, she is careful to maintain her ideals and integrity throughout the time she is detained. For example on the first Sabbath during Rowlandson's confinement she remarks, "I remembered how careless I had been of Gods holy time: how many Sabbaths I had lost and mispent, and how evilly I had walked in Gods sight; which lay so close upon my Spirit, that it was easie for me to see how righteous it was with God to cut off the threed of my life, and cast me out if his presence for ever" (16). It is clear from this statement that the narrator attaches her encounter with the Indians, or the "Other" as a reprimand from

On the other hand, Rowlandon’s narrative is even richer than Jacob’s with religious tendency and Biblical quotes. Rowlandson’s narrative has Christian references at least once in almost every paragraph. Unlike Jacobs who’s main purpose for her narrative is not religious but to portray the miserable life of slaves, Rowlandson’s purpose of her narrative is basically about Christian believes. She wanted to show that “redemption is both release from captivity and assurance of salvation” (Reagan). Her narrative is full of examples that show her strong believe in God during very tough situations

The Pressure to Assimilate in Mary Rowlandson’s A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson

Mary Rowlandson was born in a Puritan society. Her way of was that of an orthodox Puritan which was to be very religious and see all situations are made possible by God. She begins her writing by retelling a brutal description of the attack on Lancaster by the Natives. Rowlandson spends enough time interacting with the Natives to realize these people live normal, secular lives. She had the opportunity work for a profit which was not accepted when she lived as devout Puritan women in Puritan colony. Mary Rowlandson knows that she must expose the good nature of the Natives and she must rationalize her “boldness” through quoting the Bible.

It would have been highly daunting to read what she went through, such as being seperated from her son. I think that some Pagans would have read the account and not have felt bad for her. I think that some of them would have thought that she could so easily just say she was not a christian and everything would have been okay. However, more importantly, I think that what she went through and the attitude she had through it all would have encouraged pagans to convert. Pagans would have seen how much she was willing to defend her faith and even the great lengths that she went through. They would have even seen her passion and how God was faithful to her in return. A specific example is when she is going down to the dungeon and she has concerns for her son and not being able to breastfeed him anymore. “And as God willed, no longer did he need to be suckled, nor did I take fever; that I might not be tormented by care for the child and by the pain of my breasts.” This part is where I think many people would get attached to. The pagans can see how God directly answered her prayers and gave her reassurance. Because the pagan gods were more of the nations gods, I assume that the pagan worshipers did not ever directly and individually feel their god's presence. Reading this may open their eyes to how great and powerful the one true God

Throughout Mary Rowlandson's account of being captured by Native Americans, she mentions her family frequently; however, she hardly mentions them by name or talks about what they were like. This immediately creates a feeling of distance in the reader's mind, because it could suggest many things about what her family was like before they got separated. She also shows us what looks to be a great deal of distance between her and her youngest daughter Sarah who died in her arms. When Rowlandson first mentions her youngest daughter she calls her a "poor wounded babe" (130) which suggests that there is a distance between the two. However, this may not be the way that the events actually happened because she wrote the narrative six years after she was reunited with her family. This opens up the idea that this may also have been a way for her to cope with losing a child in her arms. It could also show that she may have not been the only person to write the narrative. These two ideas work together because if Rowlandson does not have to write all of the painful parts, she would not have had to relive the guilt or sorrow. Mary Rowlandson makes the reader think she is distant from her family because she uses it as a way to cope with the pain of being separated from them, and to show the Puritans that being close to god will help you with any pain.

Rowlandson is a puritan, which plays a central role in her life. When being confronted with a tragic Indian attack, Rowlandson questions her assessment of herself, but turns to the bible within her struggles casting herself alternately as Job, whose suffering is a test of his faith. “as he wounded me with one hand, so he healed me with the other.” (3).

Mary Rowlandson was born in the south of England in 1637 and passed away in 1711. Rowlandson originated to this country in 1639 when her father, John White, became a wealthy land owner. She became a very busy lady when she married Joseph Rowlandson, because not only did she become a mother to three children, she also became a minister’s wife. She made her Puritan religion well known through her works of writing. Rowlandson seemed to support her husband with his ministry throughout the time she was married to him. While being married to Joseph, Mary and

Rowlandson’s bible brought a tremendous amount of comfort to her that she kept it by her side at all times. Another Sabbath day has come and Rowlandson cannot participate. She thinks back to when times were great and she could rejoice her faith with friends and family. It’s a big disappointment to her as a Christian not to be able to practice her beliefs in the proper way. Rowlandson says, “I cannot express upon my spirit; the Lord knows it. Yet the comfortable Scripture would often come to mind. ‘For a small moment have I forsaken thee, but with great mercies will I gather thee’ Isaiah 54.7” (275). Puritans take part in the Sabbath day and it’s a sin to them not follow the religion to a T’.