Primary Sources Of Infections With Salmonella

This case study, finalized and updated onto the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, talks about the Multistate Outbreak of Salmonella Wandsworth Infections Linked to Veggie Booty. Publishing this outbreak onto their website makes it very beneficial and helps the public realize the importance of food health. Food health is just as important as overall public health. It is essential because people need to consume food in order to live, and if their food is tainted or contaminated, it would cause health problems and sickness and in some extreme cases, death. Ensuring food health will overall promote public health in the long run.

In the case of the Salmonella gastroenteritis outbreak after a reception, the origin of the illness comes down to the potato salad served at this event, however, the investigators are not certain of the mechanism of contamination. Whether the service worker (infected) might have unknowingly contaminated the food item or whether the food service worker also was infected through the same source as the case-patients remains unclear.2 Because the mechanism is unclear, it’s hard to identify if any of the ingredients in the potato salad were the culprit. In many cases, however, investigators are able to identify the mechanism for contamination.

In “The Cask of Amontillado,” Montresor tells the story of how he got revenge on Fortunato. There are differing opinions on why Montresor is telling the story: is it a confession or is it so he can relive the perfect crime he committed? After close examination of the story, it becomes evident that Montresor is bragging about committing the perfect crime. The story is not a confession because Montresor boasts about his cleverness at luring Fortunato down to the catacombs and taunts Fortunato multiple times without remorse.

Salmonella is a bacterial disease that occurs in the intestines, the signs and symptoms can be; fever, or other illnesses such as diarrhea and abdominal cramps. People typically get salmonella from contaminated foods, which seems to occur frequently from poultry and eggs (Nordqvist, 2016). This is just a basic look at salmonella though, next we need to look at the epidemiologic triad (host, agent, and environment) and see how each plays a role in a salmonella outbreak.

It is important to note that the story of the fox that is presented by Fee’s father is very different from the traditional telling of the story of the fox. Sohn, points out that in the original telling of the Korean fox demon, the fox is always seen to have malevolent intentions, which involves poisoning emperors, seducing men to their death, and killing young virgins (Sohn, 2011). In the traditional depiction, the fox demon is the stuck on a journey to become human or ascend through the entrapment of male human souls. Traditionally, the fox demon uses a jewel she places between her mouth and the mouth of a male and rolls it between them. This process allows the fox demon to capture a soul that she can utilize to ascend to the heavens.

In the fall of 1984 in The Dalles, Oregon there was a Salmonella Typhimurium outbreak that caused gastroenteritis in a total of 751 people. There were two waves of the outbreak, the first being September 9th through the 18th and the second was September 19th through October 10th. An investigation of the outbreak determined that the origin of the outbreak was from 10 different restaurants and eating at their salad bars. During the epidemiological investigation, no water supply, single food item, or supplier or food distributor was common to all the affected restaurants. A later criminal investigation determined that the outbreak was intentionally caused by members of a religious commune contaminating the restaurant salad bars.

Worldwide, typhoid fever affects roughly 17 million people annually, causing nearly 600,000 deaths. The causative agent, Salmonella enterica typhi (referred to as Salmonella typhi from now on), is an obligate parasite that has no known natural reservoir outside of humans. Little is known about the historical emergence of human S. typhi infections, however it is thought to have caused the deaths of many famous figures such as British author and poet Rudyard Kipling, the inventor of the airplane, Wilbur Wright, and the Greek Empire’s Alexander the Great. The earliest recorded epidemic occurred in Jamestown, VA where it is thought that 6,000 people died of typhoid fever in the early 17th

Gastrointestinal diseases are pervasive problem that is caused by ingestion of contaminated foods or water in which an extensive etiological agents known as enteric pathogen are present, [1]. Salmonella is one of the most opportunistic gram negative, facultative anaerobic food borne pathogens that represent a major health problem and a substantial cause of food poisoning[2]. Salmonellosis caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) stance as the second most prevalent cause of acute gastroenteritis that affecting one million illnesses in the United States, with 19,000 hospitalizations and 380 deaths[3]. Infection begins with the ingestion of contaminated food or water then characterized by attachment of the bacteria by fimbriae or pili to cells lining the

Pistachios sold under the brand names Wonderful, Trader Joe’s, and Paramount farms were found to be contaminated with Salmonella Montevideo and Salmonella Senftenberg. It was discovered after a total of 11 people were infected with the strains of Salmonella Montevideo and Salmonella Senftenberg, CDC and U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) collaborated to investigate this outbreak. After interviewing ill people, eight out of 10 of the ones interviewed, reported eating pistachios the week before they started getting ill from the article, “Multistate Outbreak of Salmonella Montevideo and Salmonella Senftenberg Infections Linked to Wonderful Pistachios (Final Update)” (Center for Disease and Control Prevention, 2016). Epidemiologic and

The number of occurring infections through Salmonella could be decreased using the One Health approach by initiating proper measures to prevent and possibly eliminate the infection throughout humans, animals, and the environment. The root of infection begins at the source, which would be the egg-laying chicken or hen. One measure that can be taken in diagnosing the disease is to evaluate outbreaks in groups to determine similarities

Salmonella enterica (S. enterica) is a harmful gram-negative bacterium, which like all other bacteria grows in colonies. Bacteria can be grouped as cocci, bacillus or spirillum. Salmonella bacteria are rod shaped (bacillus) which can function both with and without oxygen. Each single bacterium has DNA, a cytoplasm, cell membrane to control substances entering and leaving the cell and a cell wall to hold the structure together. In particular Salmonella has all of the above as well as flagella to help with movement and fimbriae which aids the bacterium to adhere to their environment such as the small intestine. Salmonella can be found in animals or humans and is transferred through ingestion of contaminated foods. Salmonella enterica are very tiny, and cannot be seen by the human eye, on a pin head alone there are 100,000 bacteria. Humans can become sick from ingesting as few as 20 bacteria. Salmonella enterica bacteria are approximately 4 micrometres long and 1 micrometre in diameter (A micrometre is one thousand times smaller than a millimetre). These tiny organisms can travel into the human through foods, drinks, pens, cigarettes etc. virtually anything that touches the mouth.

Salmonellosis is an illness of variable severity usually characterized by diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea and sometimes vomiting. Asymptomatic infections may occur and the organism may cause extraintestinal infections. The disease may have multiple manifestations and can progress from gastroenteritis into systemic disease. Most patients develop symptoms 12 to 72 hours after infection. The illness usually lasts 4 to 7 days and most patients recover without treatment. In some patients the Salmonella infection may spread from the intestine to the blood stream (septicemia or bacteremia) and to the other parts of the body. It may produce pneumonia, septic arthritis, pyelonephritis, meningitis and endocarditis. It may become localized in

Salmonella can pass through the entire food chain from animal feed, primary production, and all the way to households or food-service establishments and institutions (WHO). The great majority of sporadic cases and outbreaks of salmonellosis is caused by contaminated food (Scallan et al., 2011). Apart from the usual suspects like poultry, pork, or egg products, the role of ready-to-eat products is increasingly recognised. This is of particular concern when contamination with Salmonella cannot be excluded and the food is consumed without further heat

Individuals with mental health illness often experience direct or indirect stigma from their community, friends and family members. Upon the completion of a community assessment of the 90804 zip code, one of the social problems revealed was the stigma towards individuals who have a mental health disorder. This information was provided by two local mental health service providers and both interviewees paralleled in their responses as they indicated that the local community is generally unfamiliar of the needs of people who are diagnosed with a mental disorder. Both added that community members directly mistreat them by often ignoring in the community; treating them uncaringly. During these interviews, it was learned that individuals who perceive mental health stigma (MHS) resist beneficial treatment to address their symptoms.

Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serotype typhi is genetically the monomorphic, restrict human pathogenic bacteria (Gevers D. et al., 2005). Typhi enters in few individuals as the carrier and shed high level of bacteria without any symptoms. It is believed that typhi was first evolved in Indonesia that have flagellar antigen (Mortimer et al., 1999; Frankel et al., 1989). The fever caused by Salmonella enterica is a major health problem and resulted by the poor hygiene conditions. The enteric infection is worldwide and occurs in both developing and developed countries. It is