Primordial Soup Theory

Humans all around the world may be curious about how life started in the past. One might believe some type of god brought them here, while the average geologist would think the big bang theory began the outline of life. There are several stories on how the creation of life began, including: the Chumash, Japanese, and the Chinese.

There is loads we know about living things on our planet, about us walking-talking humans or the weird and wonderful creatures that swim in the seas and soar through the air but we still don’t know for sure…where it all came from! The story begins over 3,500 million years ago and ends today, with you reading this! How did life begin? It is the job of those who study life to try and figure this one out, and after many years of trying there are some brilliant ideas.

“The early Earth was probably partially or largely molten” (The Solar Nebula. N.d). Over time the earth cooled and the crust was formed. “Much continental crust, the most silica rich and least dense kind, has been produced by 2.5 billion years” (The Solar Nebula. N.d). Over a period of time and a series of volcanic eruptions water vapor was thrown into the atmosphere and eventually condensed to form the oceans. From a spinning cloud of dust the evolutionary process began and the Earth that is inhabited today came into existence according to the nebular hypothesis.

Earth as we all know it's Associate in Nursing improbably complicated and fragile network of interconnected systems that have developed slowly over the last four.5 billion years more or less. From the ashes of the massive Bang, this planet emerged as a mass of energy and components. From that new born mass of energy and components evolved structured, dynamic systems of solids, liquids, and gasses. The evolution of this planet continued to unfold over billions of years in such a novel method that eventually conditions arose with the flexibility to foster life.

The topics I read about in the first couple of chapters was about the understandings of evolution and DNA. The author pointed out many times the reasons he created his book throughout chapter 1 but other then that it explains some characteristics in a gene which is selfishness and altruism. As the story progresses into chapter 2 the author begins to talk about primordial soup and where life began. The theory of primordial soup is when all of life began in the ocean or some sort of liquid form. I find this theory to be very fascinating as I have always wondered, like many others, how life came to be on earth and this theory demonstrates a very likely and understandable possibility. He starts to teach us of why sexual reproduction is preferable

We find that Anaximander of Miletus (611 B.C.-546 B.C.) advanced the traditional evolutionary idea, already quite common in his day, that life first evolved from a type of pre-biotic soup, helped along a bit by the rays of the sun. He believed that the first animals developed from sea slime which had been evaporated by the suns rays. He also

Although early Earth was hostile, it provided a great environment for the production of organic molecules. Events such as lightning, volcanic eruptions, meteorites, radioactivity in the Earth’s crust, and the easy access of ultraviolet light, are thought to have provided the energy for these molecules to produce. Therefore, the conditions of early Earth were critical in the commencing of the first organic molecules.

The beings who first created the first life forms were Gaia or Earth and Uranus or Sky. Gaia emerged from chaos and gave birth to Uranus or Sky. Gaia then married Uranus or Sky and had many children together

Another hypothesis is the Iron-Sulfer World Hypothesis. This hypothesis was first brought forward by Gunter Wachtershauser in 1988. His claim was that Earth life originated at deep-sea vents. Gunter says that the hydrothermal vents are like a reactor for RNA. Hydrothermal vents rely on the chemical energy that comes from geothermal

With Hazen’s blend of storytelling and science he really showed me the origins of Earth and the origins of life on Earth. He starts at 4.5 billion years ago when our solar system came together from cosmic debris. He describes the Big Bang (Big Thwack) from a wandering asteroid that knocked off a piece of Earth, which at the time was molten to make our Moon. The creation of the oceans and continents, which he describes, are fed by Earth’s “inner heat”. He then moves to the photosynthetic organisms and their impact on our atmosphere, and the rapid growth of algae in the shallow coastal waters. He then talked about how the first primitive life evolved around 545 million years ago indicated in the fossil records and it endured the threats of disasters,

alexander oparin started the hypothesis in 1924. Believes that life was started over 3.8 billion to 3.55 billion years ago in a pond or ocean as a result of chemicals combing from the atmosphere. 2 scientist sealed a mixture of water, ammonia, methane and hydrogen in a flask they heated it and simulated lightning, after a week the scientist found blocks of protein in the flask. Protein is a biomolecule that is essential for life.

One of the theories was already explained in the previous section, the Miller and Urey experiment; and example for primitive soup. Other theories that give us an example of how life started are as followed: deep sea vent; clay; panspermia; and RNA (9, 10). The deep sea vent describes how some vents produce high ph and cooler water for a suitable environment to live in (9, 10). The theory with the clay is that it becomes like a dish to hold amino acids or RNA nucleotide together to form polymers (9, 10). Panspermia, life from space, is meteorites from outer space that crash into the earth containing organic molecules (9, 10). Researchers discovered that some RNA were able to catalyst by them, the RNA were called ribozymes (9, 10). Knowing that some RNA can become an enzyme and that RNA can self-replicate; errors can occur and new molecule is created, which can lead to new organisms (10). Although the theories of how earth originated helps give general ideas; issues also arises. The problem with the deep sea vent and clay is that water is present; preventing some necessarily chemical reaction to occur for living organisms (9, 10). The effects of protein in the origin of life plays a huge role, seems to be found in all theories that researchers have

In this environment rich with iron-sulfur minerals, this serves prebiotic chemistry in multiple ways. One, it serves as an energy and electron source, and allows complex surface reaction systems. Scientists Huber and Wachtershauser tested the theory that high pressures facilitate polymerization reactions, aren’t good under the diluted primordial soup conditions, by them forming dipeptides from amino acids with minerals at normal

Urey and Miller theorised that life could be formed when lightning and the atmospheric gas reacted, the lightning started the biogenesis which created the building blocks for life to be created. This experiment shows the significance of where life may have originated from. Because of this experiment, scientists have attempted to recreate this. Some of these current experiments have shown that amino acids can be formed from ultraviolet light and carbon dioxide. If hydrogen cyanide is added to the recreation of Urey and miller's experiment a wider variety of amino acids can be found. This theory has been questioned overtime, one scientist Zachary Adam in 2007 suggested that life may have formed on a radioactive beach. Because of Urey and Miller’s experiment to support their theory, it has generated further experiments and investigations into the origin of life. Another theory that has been proposed because of Urey and Millers original experiment has claimed that the chemicals needed for life to be created may have originated from the deep sea hydrothermal vents, in the region between the hot water, the vents and the cold water there is a region where the temperature is ideal for the organic molecules to form. This evidence from Urey and

One of the most revered investigations of Abiogenesis (life arising from non-living matter) is the Miller-Urey experiment conducted in 1952. This experiment (as depicted) involved the simulation of primordial conditions on Earth and testing whether “natural stimulation” such as lighting and heat could have resulted in the synthesis of simple organic compounds. Several compounds thought to have been abundant in the atmosphere 3.8