Principle of Double Effect in Entrapment In law, we desire to see whether or not the person truly

White Collar crime is not a crime unto it self, but instead a criteria that has to be met in order for a crime to be considered as White- Collar Crime; (Blount, 2002) hence the reason why Corporate Crime is also considered as White- Collar Crime. At the same time, White Collar Crime and Corporate Crime can be seen as distinct criminological categories, however, in order to reveal this, this essay will firstly be exploring Sutherland's definition of white collar crime and the perplexity with this definition of white-collar crime. It will then be looking at the modification which had to take place with Sutherland's definition of white-collar crime in order to established a distinction between white-collar and corporate crime.

In the book Games Criminals Play, it designed to assist law enforcement professionals in developing a better perceptive of criminals’ thoughts and behavior by discussing a sequence of ingenious phases, called a 'set-up.’ Prisoners operate this method to manipulate prison staff. Therefore, leading the police and correctional officers into violating the law. Throughout the book, it provides a systematic process of the ‘set-up’ and actual case histories to illustrate how a person can become a victim of a set-up. Additionally, presenting to the readers the ‘protectors’ necessary to hinder the process of a set-up, if the individual suspects they are about to become a victim.

This essay argues that the traditional definition of crime has many shortcomings, and attempts to show, why some criminologist would prefer to use the social harms perspective over that of crime. One of the most commonly accepted definitions of crime is ‘an act that is capable of being followed by criminal proceedings’ (Williams, 1955, p.107). Therefore, criminal behaviour “is (a) intentional act in violation of the criminal law” (Tappan 1947 pg100). However, there are issues with the concept of crime. Firstly, the legal and state definition of harmful behaviours and practices focuses too much on individualistic forms of criminality. it also ignores the wrongdoings of governments and large businesses. There is also the problem of power dynamics,

Over the years, the nature of policing has changed and developed drastically. Their role not only entails crime fighting and emergency response, but also social enforcement and social peacekeeping. Bound by a code of ethics, this highly demanding role asks police to remain professional in their dealings with society, and ensure they uphold the law impartially and fairly. When it comes to enforcing the law, it is important to look at the methods and approaches taken by police in order to combat crime, and whether or not they meet current ethical standards. Although this may be the case, it is also important to acknowledge that aspects of police culture such as loyalty, deception and protection of colleagues will ultimately shape the nature of approach to resolving crime, gaining helpful information and protecting fellow officers. Police officers are granted large amounts of discretion within their roles, however, when officers deliberately abuse this amount of discretion and become display misconduct, it becomes challenging to limit discretionary authority of police officers because of the frequent circumstances they encounter where deception may provide highly constructive outcomes. Throughout this essay, methods used by police officers including entrapment, wiretapping and planting of evidence will be assessed for their strengths and weaknesses. Furthermore, the ethical standards of these methods and approaches will be assessed as to whether or not they prove as ethically

Reasoning: The reason for this was because the trial court should have ruled on the issue of entrapment and not left it up to the jury. Furthermore, the judge that was hearing the case should have gave a different weight on the evidence in the case and not the evidence that was on record. Therefore, by doing this and letting the jury conclude then the claim of entrapment could not be sustained and the actual conviction would stand.

Renegotiation of reality occurs when, by virtue of the institutionalized process of police interrogations, the suspect perceives that his initial reality holds no value to the interrogator or to the outcome of the interrogation, when he lacks agency to defend his reality, and when there is no other option. In this paper, I will illustrate how each of these factors facilitates false confessions and will use the Norfolk Four case as my vehicle for exploration and analysis.

Police interrogate suspects on a daily basis, but how can they tell if the confession is real? We have all heard, at one time or another of someone confessing to a crime they didn’t commit. Then your next thought is “I would never confess to something I didn’t do”. The only way you can be a 100% sure of that is if you have been through an interrogation before. This paper is going to define “confession” and tell how an innocent person will confesses to a crime they didn’t commit. This paper will also show the history of interrogations.

The way of police preparing and job requires cops to utilize both scholarly and good capacities. Morals guideline assembles moral character in officers and at work utilization of good thinking empowers police overseers to distinguish critical issues and adjust regularly clashing laws, group desires, and there, in any case, little voices. While it has been traditional to depict the piece of police concerning social contract theory with cops as authorities blamed for the necessity of law such a definition here isn't sufficient. In a perfect world, this paper will be consolidated concerning the depiction showed up by Bittner in The Lying is productive only the length of the individual being floored recognizes, and the swindler's authenticity remains intact– open presentation of pastThe part of the police is best esteemed as an instrument for the task of non-asking for to be displayed wrong coercive drive utilized by the course of a trademark handle of situational crises. He observes that by "non-far from being true coercive constraint" it is implied that when a nominated cop chooses that compel is fundamental he [the police]isn't mindful to anyone– insofar as he acts inside the breaking points of the situation. Law necessity officers are not dedicated to informing everybody concerning everything, and a presumed

Both Oliver v. State and DePasquale v. State discuss the use of entrapment, an excuse that argues that government agents get people to commit crimes they wouldn’t otherwise commit. In Oliver, the defendant was convicted of larceny from the person; an officer disguised as a vagrant was slumped against a tree, pretending to be asleep with a ten-dollar bill sticking out of his pocket. Oliver approached the officer to warn him that he would be arrested if he did not move; upon shaking the officer, Oliver stepped away but then noticed the protruding ten-dollar bill, which he took. As a result, he was sentenced to ten years’ imprisonment. Upon appeal, Oliver’s sentence was reversed because it was determined that he had been entrapped and that

The undercover officer did not go to the offender. For the entrapment defense to be proven,

By befriending the suspect, they drastically altered his reality and preyed on his financial and emotional needs in order to secure a confession. The police were aware that Hart was living in poverty and did not have a social life, and by offering him financial incentives and companionship the officers risked the legitimacy and reliability of the confession. This type of operation can have long term damages on the victim and irreparably damage their sense reality and

There are thousands of ways we can deceive one another and ourselves. On one hand, we can deliberately mislead others to enhance our own personal gain, deny responsibility for having done something wrong, or cheat or steal to get ahead. In the latest novel by Lawrence Hill, ‘The Illegal’ focuses on a marathon runner, Keita who relies on the trust of agent Anton Hamm to escape his dictator-run homeland. In his journey of survival, he meets Ivernia, an elderly women who has a distrustful son, and hears news about Yvette, who was betrayed by those she trusted most. The people we trust have the capability of being distrustful and we see examples of this

The United States Constitution protects for suspects right against compelled self-incrimination during a police interrogation, regardless of whether they are charged with a federal or state crime. In other words, he or she cannot be enforced to confess to an offense or any part of an offense. Also, the state constitution may protect suspects, but regardless of what protections the state constitution provides, the police must, at least, satisfy the relevant federal tests. Therefore, before they are interrogated, the police must always give them their “Miranda warnings.”

Although there are not victims in this type of crime, there is nevertheless a threat to the public interest in some cases of these crimes. There is therefore a formal legal framework to prevent or prohibit such crimes.

According to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights article 11, “Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he has had all the guarantees necessary for his defense” (Claiming Human Rights). This right to the presumption of innocence is a basic human right, which everyone is entitled to because a human right is a right one has because one is human. However, in some cases people do not presume ‘innocent until proven guilty’ perspective, rather their thinking is the opposite, ‘guilty until proven innocent’. This is illustrated in the case of Denice Haraway, who one day disappeared from her job at a convenience store in Ada, Oklahoma. The police took off on a relentless mission to capture the person(s) responsible for this heinous act and, they did everything in their power to bring someone or anyone to justice, which they did when they arrested Tommy Ward and Karl Fontenot. Even though they repeatedly said they were innocent, but everyone including the police believed them to be responsible because they ‘confessed’ to committing the crime, a confession based on a dream. This paper will illustrate the reasons that are relevant to the innocence of these two men. The one factor that is persisted throughout this case is the incompetent efforts of the law enforcement such as inadequate efforts on the crimes scenes leading to lost of evidence, not following proper protocol in