Principles Of Ethics : Respect For Autonomy, Beneficence, Non Maleficence And Justice

In health and social care, four key Ethical Principles that are taken into account during these settings. Which are:

1. True or false? The principle of autonomy assumes that you are free from the control of others and have the capacity to make your own life choices.

The parents agreed and to continue her treatment, the patient needed a compatible donor, but from the start, looking at the patient’s tissue typing, the doctor already knew that it would be difficult to find a donor. The patient had 2 siblings, the age of 2 and 4, but they were too young to be organ donors, and the rest of the family wasn’t “histocompatible”1. However, the father was and so the nephrologist meets with the father and also lets him know “the uncertain prognosis for his daughter even with a kidney transplant” . Hearing this, the father did not accept to donate his kidney, reasoning that his daughter had gone through enough, including other reasons that she could have a cadaver kidney and also that he didn’t have the courage to donate his kidney. Unfortunately with the father’s decision, he also insisted that the physician tell the family that he wasn’t histocompatible when in fact he was. He reasons that if the family knew he didn’t want to donate, this would “wreck his family”2 and make them believe that he allowed their daughter to die. Even though the doctor didn’t agree with this decision, at the end he did lie and stated that “the father could not donate a kidney for ‘medical reasons’”2. In the course of thoughts, the doctor was presented a dilemma, to lie or not to lie, and to know which decision was

The document indicated that in all probability, his refusal may/will result in death. Leonard was aware of the possibility that he can lose his life in the event that the doctor needs blood to for any reason. After being educated, Leonard still proceeded with his decision and signed the paperwork to refuse blood products. Dr. Farrah-Fowler went against Leonard's preference and signed contract. Leonard does have grounds to sue Dr. Farrah-Fowler for breach of express contract. The contract identified things that related to the present and future decisions regarding this surgery. Beverly is Leonard's mother and is listed as the emergency contact. However, it did not specify in the case study whether she had any authority to make medical decisions. Typically, a power of attorney would have to be on file for her to over power his contract with the understanding that he is uncappable of revaluating his health care plan. Although the blood clot occurred after the surgery, Leonard was still under the care of Dr. Farrah-Fowler which means his physician-patient relationship was not terminated. The contract was still

Some issues that are present during all of this is the principle of beneFcence.The doctor has the right to provide the parents all the possibilities and define the dangers and advantages’ he does not do this he will be working compared to his responsibility as a doctor to make this acknowledged. As he is creation them conscious of what requirements to be done he also wants to know the parents of James have autonomy and have they have a agree in the treatment.

Autonomy Autonomy is defined as self-determination or self-governance. Autonomy is composed of four key features: (1) intentionality, (2) understanding, (3) sufficiently free of external constraints, and (4) sufficiently free of internal constraints. Intentionality is defined as performing an action deliberately. Understanding is described as the ability to comprehend a situation, concept, or idea to a matter of degree. Free of external constraints is the freedom from physical barriers that would prevent an individual from acting out a conscious decision.

The following scenario took place recently at the Midwest General Hospital. Mr. Wardell a fifty-one year old recently widowed, single father of two young children ages eight and twelve, was admitted in need of a liver transplant. Dr. S. Brandywine is assigned to Mr. Wardell’s case, after reviewing Wardell’s chart, past medical history, and the latest test results, it is determine that he will be in need of a liver transplant. Transplant organs are in great demand, especially livers. Dr. Brandywine arranges a meeting with the transplant coordinator of the hospital to discuss Mr. Wardell’s case, in hopes of setting Wardell up for a liver transplant. Dr. Kline the transplant coordinator reviews Mr. Wardell’s case with Dr. Brandywine and determines that Mr. Wardell is in need of a liver transplant.

These doctors were from UC Davis in Sacramento and Kaiser Permanente in Roseville. The same month the three doctors had said that the judge had rejected the family’s lawsuit. Their lawsuit was to keep their son on life support. His parents then decided to take Israel to Guatemala. The doctors here did tests and showed Israel’s brain activity. When Israel’s results from the tests results came back the Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles agreed to take Israel as a patient. He got checked in to the hospital August 8. However, not to long after he was admitted they had declared him brain dead. They said they needed to take him off of life support.

She is cared for by her mother, that is to say, she has the authority to make medical decisions for Ms. T. and the implications concerning that is, some of her decisions may be based on emotions and may not be for the be interest of her daughter.

To fail to strive for autonomy is to settle for oppression. It is your duty as an individual to assert your individuality and take responsibility for your uniqueness. Be unforgiving in your originality. Do not conform out of cowardice, submitting mindlessly to an undeserving authority simply because they are in a position of power. Just because you are weary of the responsibility of independence does not excuse your cowardly conformism. It is vital for you to attack that fear to recognize and fulfill the fact that you, yourself, are an authority. Failing to fulfill your role as an intrapersonal authority will result in you living an unfulfilled life comprised of being a mindless soldier of the corporate system.

Patient autonomy is defined as, the patient t right to make their own decisions about the own treatment, without their health care providers or others to influence their decision in this regard. However, patient autonomy does allow the health care provider to educate the patient on their decision, but does not allow them to make the medial decision for them. (Medicine Net, 2012).

I undestand that the donation of Umbilical Cord Blood includes medical procedures that there can be no guarantee or assurance of success of the results of the service. I further, on behalf of my self and my unborn baby, our respective heirs, successors and asignees, hereby release and forever hold harmless to the Hospital/Birthing Center, and its affiliated, successsors, assigns, officers, directors, employees and agents from any and all actiobs, causes of action, causes if every kind nature, and description whatsover, both in law and equity, which may arise relating to the collection and storage of the Umbilical Cord Blood on behalf of me and my unborn baby.

Given that two HIV/AIDS infected patients are brought to the hospital requiring a blood transfusion. Given the background of the patients, “Patient A” was regrettably infected with HIV/AIDS virus due to a previous blood transfusion and “Patient B” was infected with HIV/AIDS virus due to long-term history of illegal drug use. Unfortunately for the patients there isn’t enough blood to perform a transfusion on both of them.

As we have been learning, and as various people have described it (to include textbooks), the understanding is that autonomy is an individual property, not a property of a group. We have also defined autonomy as the reflexive ability to define our own lives and to accept or reject the values of others. Consequently, from the perspective we are learning, and consistent with our preconceived beliefs, autonomy is a basic right connected to moral responsibility. It is an individual concept that we assign as a value to a specific person without reference to the culture, tradition, or community they are a part

Independence as quoted from the Webster’s Encyclopedia English Dictionary, is defined as: “the state or quality of being free from influence, control, or determination of another or others.”