USA Patriot Act (2001)
University of phoenix
Legal issues in justice and security
AJS 522
Kim Tandy
July 15, 2013
USA Patriot Act (2001)
On September 11, 2001 19 Al-Queda members attacked New York and Washington D.C. by hijacking four passenger airliners. Two of the airplanes American Airlines Flight 11 and United Airlines 175 were crashed into the north and south towers of the World Trade Centers in New York City. American Airlines Flight 77 crashed into the Pentagon which collapsed the western side of the Pentagon. United Flight 93 was supposed to crash into United States Capital, but did not do so instead crashed into a field in Shanksville Pennsylvania. Due to the events that took place on 9/11 George W. Bush signed the USA
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In 2004, Judge Merrero ruled that the F.B.I’s “national security letters” (NSLs) violated the U.S. Constitution. See Doe v. Ashcroft, 334 F.Supp.2d.471 (Decided in the U.S. Dist. Court for Southern Dist. of New York, 2004). Why would a judge or anyone want to block out parts of the Patriot Act? This was put into place to help our country stay safe from any future terrorist attacks. I would personally sacrifice my private phone calls or e-mails if it kept my family and country safe. We can’t always expect to not have to sacrifice anything personally or privately for the best interest of our freedom. There is a price to pay to have the freedom we have. Our military sacrifice their time, service, and lives for us to have all that we have. Now, if the government needs to check my e-mail or phone calls to make sure nothing is taken place so be it. If you are someone who isn’t breaking the law or doing anything shady then this should not be a problem.
For libraries, Sections 215 and 505 of the PATRIOT Act are particularly pertinent. Section 215 allows FBI agents to present a library with an order issued ex parte (from one party) by a Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (FISC) "requiring the production of any tangible things (including books, records, papers, documents, and other items) for an investigation to protect against international terrorism or clandestine intelligence activities."1 Under such an order, a library may be required to
It has been fifteen years since September 11th, 2001, and the United States of America has changed since then. The cause of the crash was by the hijackers Osama Bin Laden and eighteen others that took control of four flights. On the morning of Tuesday September 11th, 2001 three aircrafts were headed to Los Angles California. The first aircraft to takeoff from Boston Logan International Airport was American Airlines Flight 11, within an hour and forty minutes Flight 11 crashed into the north tower of The World Trade Center, eighteen minutes later the second aircraft was United Airlines Flight 175, also out of Boston Logan International Airport plowed into the south tower of The World Trade Center, the third aircraft American Airlines Flight
On September 11, 2001, members of the terrorist group al-Qaeda hijacked four airplanes. At 8:45 in the morning, an American Airlines plane crashed into the north tower of the World Trade Center. The incident killed hundreds of people instantly, and trapped hundreds in the burning building (“9/11 Attacks”). Americans thought it was only a freak accident, but less than twenty minutes later, a United Airlines plane crashed into the south tower. It was no longer an accident, but an attack.
Many times in the past decade and a half since the Act was passed, there have been numerous reports of suppression of the rights protected by the First, Fourth, Fifth and Sixth amendments of the Bill of Rights, directly threatening the freedom of association, information, speech, and the right to legal representation as well as the right to liberty. This is simply unacceptable - what is the point of having a law of the land if we create and ratify legislation that destroys that supreme law? For instance, in clear violation of the Fourth amendment, the library surveillance introduced by the Patriot Act allowed monitoring of library’s public computer terminals and use of secret search warrants to seize any tangible thing in a library without probable cause and court procedure. It also imposed a gag order on booksellers and librarians to prevent them from disclosing details of surveillance.()CITE The extent of surveillance in libraries is just another reason Americans need to realize that their privacy rights have been snatched from them under the disguise of the Patriot Act. It is important to realize that the surveillance does not stop at the district or township libraries. It has reached our residential doorsteps without us realizing it. In this era of digital communication, most people rely on technology to stay connected with the rest of the world. The Patriot Act allows federal agents to monitor electronic communications, which includes wireless phones, email, and internet, without much oversight. It also allowed the government to seize business records of telecom companies as well as customer records from the Internet Service Providers.
September 11, 2001 was a tragic part of history for the United States of America. On September 11, four planes crashed down by hijackers at the Pentagon, the Twin Towers, and a Pennsylvania field. The Pentagon and World Trade Center were the primary buildings where the Al Qaeda wanted to attack. The White House was another target, however they never made it. Later that night, President George W. Bush gave a speech about 9/11 in the Oval Office. George W. Bush inspired America of their safety and security of his confident tone, religious beliefs,word choice.
While many claim that the Patriot Act is an attack on Americans’ civil liberties, there is a strong case for the Act and the changes it brings. An article published in the Washington Post looks at the claims made by the ACLU and systematically pokes gaping holes in them. For one, the claim that NSLs can be issued without a judge’s approval is only partially true. While a normal search warrant is issued to law enforcement by a civilian judge, “the FBI can do nothing under Section 215 without the approval of a federal court.”(Mac Donald, In Defense). The idea of a federal judge issuing an NSL to spy on someone who “wrote a letter to the editor that criticized government policy"(Mac Donald, In Defense) as the ACLU claims, is inconceivable. Another critique made by the ACLU is against the Act’s “Sneak and Peek” provision. While described as a blatant power grab by the government, there is a long precedent for the delay of notice regarding a search warrant. Especially when such a
The September 11 assaults (often referred to as 9/11) involved a series of four organised terrorist assaults by the Islamic terrorist group Al-Qaeda in the United States on the Tuesday morning of, September 11, 2001. The assaults comprised of suicide attacks that were used to target popular U.S landmarks. This atrocity was carried out by 19 terrorists from the east coast of America, where they hijacked four airlines, which they later crashed into the twin towers in New York City. Two American airline planes: flight 11 and flight 175 crashed into the north and south towers of the World Trade Centre and within 2 hours collapsed also affected 10 other buildings located in the same vicinity. A third plane flew into the United States department of defence building, more commonly known as the Pentagon. Lastly the fourth plane steered towards Washington D.C, the passengers became aware about the other attacks and they tried to intervene, this caused the plane crash into a field near Pennsylvania. It was the deadliest incident for fire –fighters and law enforcement
On September 11, 2001 the United States became ground for numerous terrorist attacks, killing many innocent Americans. One of the attacks included the crashing of United Airlines Flight 93. The plan crashed at 10:03 A.M into a field in Shanksville Pennsylvania at 580 mph. It was Boeing 757 that held 37 passengers and 7 crew members that all were killed from the crash. The flights path was originally suppose to fly from Newark, New Jersey to San Francisco, California, until four Muslim Hijackers took control of the plane and were headed toward Washington D.C (Avery). The passengers were frightened for their lives and several were able to make phone calls to their families to say their last goodbyes before the crash. When the passengers were
On September 11, 2001, the Islamist terrorist group known as al-Qaeda launched a series of terrorist attacks on the United States of America, specifically in the New York City and Washington D.C areas. Nineteen al-Qaeda terrorists hijacked four planes with the intention of using them as suicide attacks that would crash those planes into designated buildings, or targets. Two of the four passenger jets were flown into the twin towers of the World Trade Center in New York City, both of which collapsed entirely within two hours of being hit. The third plane was crashed into the Pentagon, and the west side of the building, which is the
September 11, 2001, will forever be remembered as a day of tragedy for the United States as an act of terrorism killed roughly 3,000 people at the World Trade Center, and 200 at the Pentagon. Terrorists hijacked four separate aircraft that day, two planes were crashed into the north and south tower of the World Trade Center in New York, one was crashed into the Pentagon in Virginia, and the last one crashed into a field where it was believed that passengers disrupted the hijackers, causing the aircraft to crash before reaching its target. Both towers eventually fell, and this attack brought about the beginning of many changes for the United States, that had a ripple effect onto other nations. On September 20th, Bush called for an emergency joint session of the US Congress where he announced the creation of the Department of Homeland Security (MacFarlane, P. J., 2017). Along with this new department came the development of several measures that were implemented to prevent future attacks. Although the terrorist attacks of 9/11 were devastating and caused turmoil and unrest for the United States, even to present day, there were some positive outcomes to be had from this event.
‘Most of the participants said they had felt involved and committed. The research had felt "real" to them. One guard said, "I was surprised at myself. I made them call each other names and clean the toilets out with their bare hands. I practically considered the prisoners cattle and I kept thinking I had to watch out for them in case
Four planes were used in the terrorist attempt to tear the nation apart. Five hijackers apprehended American Airlines Flight 11 and used that commercial airplane to crash into the North Tower in New York’s World Trade Center at 8:46 a.m. At 9:03 a.m., five more hijackers overtook the pilots of United Airlines Flight 175 to fly into the South Tower. American Airlines Flight 77 was also seized by five terrorists and used to crash into the western side of the Pentagon at 9:37 a.m. The Capitol or the White House was thought to be the fourth hijacked plane’s target. Because of the heroics of the passengers on United Airlines Flight 93, the plane was forced down in a rural field near Shanksville, Pennsylvania at 10:03 a.m. Flight 93’s voice recorder showed that the passengers and crew tried to regain control from the hijackers. The people aboard that flight were informed of the attacks that took
We use technology every day, all day, for pretty much everything we do. Any information about ourselves, messages we send, or phone calls we make, it all takes place on our phones. However, they are also the biggest risk to our personal security as they are very vulnerable. They are not just vulnerable to scammers and hackers but also to our own government. Following the attacks of September 11, 2001, the president at the time, George Bush, responded by passing an act. This act is known as the Patriot Act. It allows the government unlimited access to phone records, emails, and text messages without a warrant through National Security Letters and Sneak and Peak Searches. Why do they do this, why was this act passed, they claim it’s for our safety. Both can be obtained and carried out without a judge’s approval, without a warrant, and without the knowledge of the person who is being searched. The Fourth Amendment is the right of the citizens to legal and just searches, with a warrant, with probable cause. These are not required under the Patriot Act to search through call histories and messages. The Patriot Act clearly infringes on the Fourth Amendment and the rights of the everyday citizen and does not accomplish its original goal of stopping terrorism.
The Patriot Act was signed into law on October 26, 2001 by President George W. Bush. The act expanded the surveillance capability of both domestic law enforcement and international intelligence agencies. When this law was passed it was under the assumption “to deter and punish terrorist acts in the United States and around the world, to enhance law enforcement investigatory tools, and for other purposes” (The USA Patriot). The Patriot Act has given the government the power to spy on the average American through monitoring phone records and calls, gaining banking and credit information, and even track a person’s internet activity. This is an unbelievable amount of power intelligence agencies wield all under the umbrella of national security. This power has gone too far, is unjustified, unconstitutional, and infringes on the privacy of the
On September 11, 2001, members of the terrorist group al-Qaeda hijacked four airplanes. At 8:45 in the morning, an American Airlines plane crashed into the north tower of the World Trade Center. Hundreds of people were killed instantly, and hundreds more were trapped in the burning building. It was thought to be only a freak accident. Less than twenty minutes later, a United Airlines plane crashed into the south tower. It was no longer an accident, but an attack. Later on that morning the third plane hit the Pentagon, and passengers overtook the last plane and crashed it into a field in Pennsylvania. The combined damage from all four planes resulted in the deaths of over 3,000 people, and injuries to another 10,000. Only six people who were
September 11, 2001, millions of New Yorkers and American citizens woke up and started their day, unprepared and unaware for the catastrophic attack that would be taking place in just a few short hours. At 8:46 a.m., Eastern Standard Time, Flight 11 crashed into the North Tower. The impact killed all of the passengers and crew as well as hundreds inside the building. At 9:03 a.m., a second plane, Flight 175, crashed into the corner of the South Tower killing passenger, crew, and workers who worked on floors seventy-five to eighty-three. Flight 77 crashed into the Pentagon at 9:37 a.m. killing approximately 185 individuals (History.com Staff). Because of the damaged to the support system, fires, and impact at extremely fast speed, the South Tower collapsed at 9:59 a.m. (Lipton and Glanz). Having heard about the acts of terrorism that had just taken place in New York and Washington, D.C., a group of passengers drove their plane, Flight 93, into a Pennsylvania field killing everyone on board but possibly saving hundreds of other lives in the process. The North Tower collapsed at 10:28 a.m. 102 minutes after being struck (History.com Staff). On September 11, 2001, almost twelve hundred people were wounded or killed by “coordinated suicide attempts” by Al Qaeda terrorists. In result to the four airplanes being hijacked and used for premediated reasons, the United States government instituted new regulations for entering the country and airport security as well as expounded on systems already in place.