Prison Management Strategies The principal goal of prison management is social control.

Eight activities that contribute to the security and custody functions within a prison are, control or reduction of likelihood of a prison disturbance, methods to separate inmates at risk or out of control, effective inmate classification systems, implemented security and policies, physical security in the prison, controlling inmates accountability and movement, control of contraband and implementing a disciplinary systems that is effective.

Since many inmates return back into our communities, the Reformatory Era helped decrease the impact of imprisonment on long term inmates as see under the Principle of Normalization. This principle explained how conditions of prisoners should correspond as much as possible to the living conditions in the general society. A solution during this era was parole. This gave the offender the opportunity for early release based on their behavior. Offenders were given a minimum and maximum period of incarceration which is also known as indeterminate sentencing. New York adopted indeterminate sentencing during 1876. Since prisoners had indeterminate sentencing, they could be paroled and able to achieve goals that were set to them by their “handler”. Probation soon spread all around the United States giving different approaches to they way criminal justice policies were

Management positions in prisons are known to be very demanding. Correctional facilities are difficult to operate and are forced to deal with overcrowding which leads to an outnumbered staff and a continuous flow of violent and dangerous inmates. An issue that management faces is the occurrence of riots. According to dictionary.com, a riot is a disturbance of the public peace by three or more persons acting together in a disrupting and tumultuous manner in carrying out their private purposes. Some riots are characterized by organization and demands, others by weak and confused formation of leadership, or conflict and violence among inmates themselves. In some riots, prisoners inflict suffering on hostages, inmates treat hostages well,

Management Style: Academic, prison staff and administration are there to teach and guide inmates on the skills and resources needed to reintegrate into society. It is up to the inmate to take advantage of services and programs offered. Inmates are allowed to take an active role in the decision making process, and are encouraged to question processes and procedures. Inmates openly and freely express their opinions.

According to Krisberg and Taylor-Nicholson, state budget cuts, lowering prison over-crowding, and improving corrections are the underlying reasons for the policy shift. Although “county custody costs (county jail) may be somewhat lower than state prison costs, shifting the custody and supervision costs of selected offender groups to the county will only cut spending in state prisons,” and may fail to lower the overall costs of corrections in California (Owen & Mobley, 2012, p. 47). Whereas the state prison system seems to be progressing toward its population-reduction goal, “this measure is shortsighted and somewhat deceiving” because a “corresponding rise in county jail populations will continue California’s

Parole is a constrained relief that requires parolees to tolerate rules that do not apply to other

Parole eligibility is expanded to certain classes of nonviolent offenders. These parole eligibilities are expanded to include nonviolent offenders who were previously ineligible because of sentencing enhancements, such as selling drugs near a school. Allows nonviolent offenders who are otherwise ineligible for parole to petition the sentencing court for eligibility after serving 25 percent of their sentence. Mississippi implements a geriatric parole provision which initiates parole hearings for nonviolent offenders who are 60 years or older and have served at least 10 years in prison. They mandate that the Department of Corrections create case plans for all parole-eligible offenders at admission to ensure needed treatment and services are completed before parole review. Restricts parole hearings to cases in which offenders have failed to comply with their case plans or victims or local law enforcement officials have requested hearings, creating a more predictable rate for paroles granted. Probation is an alternative to incarceration. At the time of a trial, a judge has the sole authority to recommend probation for a defendant. Once someone

Prisoners should not be given a parole opportunity. Criminals should know that if they are convicted of a crime they will not be able to get out early. This creates a heavier deterrence for people who are considering criminal acts. It would also assure that dangerous criminals are kept behind

At any given time, a single corrections officer, can expect to be outnumbered by upwards of 400 inmates (Conover, 2011). It can be chilling to work in the midst of hundreds of inmates, some of which initiate attacks and inappropriate relationships. However, other issues have impacted the psychological health and physical safety of the staff. Detrimental factors have included heavy workloads, the prisons physical structure, and a lack of support from both peers and superiors. Each workplace issue has been in addition to role problems, specifically role ambiguity and role conflict (Schaufeli & Peeters, 2011). It is believed that anyone of these undesirable facets of prison should be enough to deter the public from attempting to enter such

These technical parole terms are put in place to hopefully lessen the likelihood that the parolee will reoffend. For example, the members justice system may believe that parolees are more at risk to reoffend when drunk thus they place the parolee under strict instructions to not consume any alcohol or even be in the presence of alcohol to hopefully help curb temptation to drink.

Both jail and prison offer some type of early released programs, in this case probation and parole will briefly be discussed. Probation is a prison sentence that is suspended on the condition that the offender follow certain prescribed rules and commit no further crime (Seiter, 2008). Parole is similar to probation except that it is after a period of incarceration, which involved determinate and indeterminate sentencing (Seiter, 2008). The other types of prison sentencing include mandatory minimums, three-strike laws, and truth-in-sentencing (Wilson, 2001). The only difference is that a parole board allows convicts to serve the remainder of their term in society under supervision and strict limitations (Wilson, 2001). In summary both jails and prisons should strive to provide as much educational, health, and counseling opportunities as possible to reduce the likelihood of recidivism. Second, funding for the jail and prison systems will be briefly discussed.

One good point of Wisconsin’s reconsideration is recent changes in sympathetic release standards for prisoners in state correctional facilities. This legislation streamlines the procedure and expands the category of those eligible for sentence modification and. Although the law has much to recommend it, issues unaddressed may prove costly—notably the unintended consequences of placing financial burdens on the families or communities to which these prisoners are released in a bleak economic climate.

A prison warden is the chief executive of the institution and oversees the entire operation within a prison system. A prison warden needs to possess an array of skills that is capable of managing “large groups of employees, and to operate facilities in a way that keeps inmates, staff, and society safe” (Clear et al., 2013, p. 321). Studies from Clear et al. (2013) further indicate that today’s prison warden must function effectively despite decreased autonomy and increased accountability” (p. 321). The role and responsibility of a prison warden are comparable to a police chief’s because it requires extensive knowledge in administration, and experience in various areas within the department or institution.

Parole is the part of the general 19th-century trend in criminology from punishment to reformation. Alexander Maconochie developed the early parole system. He was in charge of the English

Parole was first put into place in the early part of the 20th century as a means of cutting incarceration costs. To put it simply, it costs less to supervise a person in the community than it does to pay for the cost of imprisonment. The savings is also apparent in the community in which the paroled offender is supervised. Many parolees must take part in community service which costs the community less than contracting for the same services (i.e., litter abatement, highway grass maintenance, etc.). Effective parole can lead to successful rehabilitation for the offender (American Probation and Parole Association,