Probation And Parole Case Study

“The Prison and Probation Service has two main goals: To contribute to the reduction of criminality, and to work to increase safety in society. To achieve these goals we work with sentenced persons in order to improve their possibilities of living a life without committing new crimes.” (Linstrom and Leijonram)

The history of probation and parole influences the decisions that are made in the Adult Court System toward the supervision of adult offenders by considering community corrections and involve supervision in the community. In the criminal justice system, there are many individuals locked up in local, state, and federal institutions. John Augustus probation bears much resemblance to probation as it is practiced today. He took great care in deciding which prisoners were promising candidates for probation. He also considers the offender’s character, age and factors that would have an impact on the offender after being released. His efforts actually were resisted by police, court clerks, and turnkeys who were paid only when offenders were incarcerated (Klein, 1997). The punishment for violating probation or parole is to continue supervision or to withdraw and incarcerate the offender.

"Approximately 1 in 51 adults in the United States was under community supervision at yearend 2013, the lowest rate observed since 1996" (Herberman & Bonczar, 2014, p.1). Probation/parole supervision also known as "community" supervision, helps individuals (ex-criminals) acclimate back in their community. Probation is used when a judge chooses to let the offender serve his sentence under officer supervision in the community, rather than in prison. It is usually given to individuals that have committed a non-violent/ minor infraction or that have a really good defense attorney. However, when someone has been sent to prison for an extended period of time but have served a certain amount of their time or has proven to the Parole Board that they have improved their behavior, will be released to a Parole officer. The probation and parole program is comprised of two approaches casework and brokerage. Casework approach deals with the offender as a flawed person that needs help; brokerage approach is when the probation/parole officer uses his influence in the community to assist the criminal in finding employment or programs. Knowing how to use these approaches along with monitoring techniques will assist in the officer and offender being successful. This paper will examine the approaches to PO work along with the types of monitoring used to keep track of offenders. The purpose of this paper is to examine the elements of community supervision (probation/parole) that will make the

Both jail and prison offer some type of early released programs, in this case probation and parole will briefly be discussed. Probation is a prison sentence that is suspended on the condition that the offender follow certain prescribed rules and commit no further crime (Seiter, 2008). Parole is similar to probation except that it is after a period of incarceration, which involved determinate and indeterminate sentencing (Seiter, 2008). The other types of prison sentencing include mandatory minimums, three-strike laws, and truth-in-sentencing (Wilson, 2001). The only difference is that a parole board allows convicts to serve the remainder of their term in society under supervision and strict limitations (Wilson, 2001). In summary both jails and prisons should strive to provide as much educational, health, and counseling opportunities as possible to reduce the likelihood of recidivism. Second, funding for the jail and prison systems will be briefly discussed.

Federal probation was put in place to suspend a current sentence of an inmate and place them under the supervision on a qualified agency for a period of time to either free up the jail from nonviolent offenders or to try rehabilitate the offender from any future criminal acts. The development of the federal probation system began in 1925 when a bill was passed and signed by President Coolidge (Alarid, 2015). Before then, federal probation was rejected as an idea many times because it was introduced during the Prohibition Era. The National Probation Act that supported federal probation was put into effect, but it wasn’t until the mid-1900 that the federal probation law was fully working and overwhelmed as well. Since the work load got to intense

With accountability as a goal a process and the offender are guided through the process by many participating individuals within the justice system. The probation or parole officers may be on the front line to help guide the offender through the process and allow them to have the face to face meeting with community members or the victim. There needs to be a support system, this can include family, extended

Today there are several options a judge can grant an offender in regards to the punishment they shall fulfill before or after trial. This refers to any way ranging to non imprisonment yet supervised ways used to deal with criminal offenders who are facing conviction or who has been convicted.. There are punishment an offender may receive such as fines, community service, electronic surveillance also know as house arrest, shock probation, intensive supervision, residential community supervision etc. The most common punishment used by the justice system is probation as well as parole. Probation is the release of an offender from detention , subject to a period of good behavior under supervision. An individual may be granted probation as an

As a citizen, a member of my community, and a taxpayer, I greatly admire the work that probation officers and other members of our corrections system do for our society. However, I do not believe enough is being done. Recidivism is “a person 's relapse into criminal behavior, often after the person receives sanctions or undergoes intervention for a previous crime” (National Institute of Justice, 2014). Recidivism is an important measure of program success. The entire purpose of the corrections system is to prevent further crime by providing a punishment for past crimes and rehabilitation for criminal ways of living. If the corrections system does not meet these goals, the recidivism rate will increase. Thus, probation must be highly efficient in order to battle the recidivism rate.

The parole system is generally a “mitigation of the punishment of the prisoner in favour of his rehabilitation through conditional freedom, when appropriate ,” as established by the High Court of Australia.

“Since 1929, when the first Juvenile Court Statistics report was published using 1927 data, probation has been the overwhelming dispositional choice of juvenile and family court judges” (Torbet, 1996, p. 1). The juvenile justice policies shift from just desert to treatment. (Torbet, 1996) Probation is the disposition of choice with juvenile offenders; however, probation purposes was based solely on the goal of rehabilitating the juvenile offender because institutional confinement builds stigma and social environment issues. (Davies & Davidson, 2001) And this was a way to establish parental involvement. Juveniles do not have as many programs and resources, which probation officers are faced with a lack of resources to provide for youths, not

There should also be substance abuse treatment centers that allow offenders to call or report to the facility when they feel vulnerable. In addition to these services, there should be programs for anger management, mental illnesses, sex offenders, and domestic violence. Probationers should be offered educational, vocational, and housing services if applicable. The capacity of these programs should be broad, and there should be multiple locations, especially in urban areas. (Schmalleger & Smykla, 2015) In other regions, offenders are required to assist in paying for services. There should be a program in place that takes some of the funding from probation services and invests them into other services offered. Helping to pay for services increases accountability and self-investment. This can assist with the complaint of lack of finances for resources and lowers the barrier of not having services available. Offenders who are low-income should only pay a small fee or no fees at all; however, they should be required to invest time into mentoring programs. These programs can unite offenders and form a sense of unity and assist in offering support to one another. In addition to these suggestions, the program should have risk and needs assessments, treatment program referrals from probation officers, manageable parole conditions, sanctions for violators, and program reviews for evaluations. These

Secondly, the state should increase the liability and clarity of parole boards. As to provide effectiveness of grant conditional discharge for older inmates mentions above, the states should improve the liability and clarity of parole boards judgment. American Civil Liberties Union (2012) stated that parole boards seldom apply age-based parole programs on the books where it can be found in the states. Hence, states should necessarily ask parole boards to justify their decisions in the form of writing, disclose parole opportunity to present views to the social, and perhaps construct an appeals operations or right to justification lawyers during hearings as well as establish parole guideline to the parole boards (Penal Reform International, 2015).

According to the Sixth Constitutional Amendment, criminals that have been convicted of crimes have the right to a speedy trial. “Those accused of felony crimes have a right to confront adversarial witnesses” (Sanders, 2014). Delivery of justice is the core function of the law enforcement agencies. Justice is delivered through hearings which lead to sentencing. However, there are times when the justice system is not totally fair. This is when other factors such as profiling come along. In order to ensure that the justice system is fair, it is important to ensure that criminal sentencing is done with the utmost level of precision. This is further explored in this paper.

Probation and parole are an important part of the criminal justice process, and both are

The purpose of this research paper is to discuss about Parole and Probation in America. The paper is going to focus on the past, present and future of parole and probation. This paper includes discussion of Parole and Probation Officers, as well as why some states so longer utilize parole, including Florida. This paper will also include personal input about the topic.