Problem Associated With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy ( Dmd )

2. The typical microscopic changes noted in the muscle tissue of someone with Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy is degenerating skeletal muscle cells. Surrounding these muscle cells is a large amount of endomysial connective tissue that is proliferating. A large number of macrophages can be seen whose responsibility is to eliminate cellular debris. Some muscle cells (fibers)

Muscular dystrophy is a degenerating disease, in which the skeletal muscles degenerate, lose their strength, and cause increasing disability and deformity. Muscles attached to the bones through tendons are responsible for movement in the human body, however, in muscular dystrophy the muscles become progressively weak. As the muscle fibers

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is defined as a chronic form of dystrophy that is caused by a mutated gene. This essay critically discusses Duchenne muscular dystrophy as a whole, including all the symptoms, causes as well as treatment.

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (also referred to as DMD) is a type of muscular dystrophy that weakens the muscles that we need to support our body, body weight, to stand, and to move around. It also can cause you to have scoliosis. Some of the main causes for DMD are genetic disorders, mutations, and DMD has to be passed down throughout everyone in that family for generations. The symptoms you can have if you have DMD are weak muscles, lack of strength, and difficulty walking. DMD is a negative mutation because it affects your muscles horribly bad that you can get a disability of walking and even moving. You need to tell your doctor immediately if you experience any symptoms. If you don't tell your doctor, you may find yourself in a very difficult situation where you can't get up or can't get something you need. When you do talk to your doctor, you will have an advantage of getting the help you need.

Nowak KJ, & Davies KE. (2004). Duchenne muscular dystrophy and dystrophin: pathogenesis and opportunities for treatment. EMBO Reports, 5(9), 872-876. doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7400221

Duchenne muscular dystrophy, classified as a genetic disorder, is marked by progressive muscle degeneration and weakness. It is only one of the nine forms of muscular dystrophy; however, around half of the people diagnosed with muscular dystrophy have Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Muscular Dystrophy is a genetic disease in which muscle fibers are usually susceptible to damage and cause muscle wasting and weakness. There are bundles of fibers that make up muscles; proteins are involved in these muscles and help to keep the muscle working properly. If

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) refers to the muscle appearing poorly nourished because of degeneration, which leads to muscle weakness and lost of muscle mass. DMD is a disorder that is caused by genetic mutations in the dystrophin gene. Dystrophin is a muscle that connects the cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix (ECM). Tidy, D. C. (2016, April 15). When nonsense mutation or frameshift mutation occurs in dystrophin, it results in no protein at all, which causes a severe form of DMD. A dystrophin gene has more base pairs and more exons in comparison to most genes, which means the dysophin gene has a higher chance for mistakes during meiosis. The disorder affects one in 5000 newborn males. Tidy, D. C. (2016, April 15). Males have one

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic disease that weakens one’s muscles. DMD is inherited through an X linked pattern due to the gene carrying the DMD mutation is on the X chromosome. The male population are affected by DMD almost exclusive. There is a one in two chance that a male offspring will have DMD if their mother is a carrier of the mutated gene. Every boy inherits an X chromosome from their mother and a Y from their father. If a boy inherits the mutated gene, then they will definitely have the disease because they don’t have a second gene to make up for the faulty one. Female with DMD are very rare in comparison to their counterpart. Girls inherits two X chromosomes, one from each parent. When a girl inherits

Muscular dystrophy can be diagnosed with a physical exam and diagnostic testing completed by the child’s pediatrician. Additional information that will be obtained during the examination will be family history, pregnancy history, and birth history. Diagnostic studies for muscular dystrophy include muscle serum enzymes (especially creatine kinase), electromyogram (EMG) testing, muscle fiber biopsy, electrocardiogram abnormalities reflective of cardiomyopathy, and genetic pedigree (Lewis, 2011). Duchenne muscular dystrophy is caused by the lack of dystrophin. A muscle biopsy can be done to confirm a diagnosis of muscle dystrophy. The biopsy will show evidence of significant fat and connective tissue deposits, deterioration and necrosis of muscle fibers, and a lack of the muscle

Muscular dystrophy is a combination of diseases passed down through genes identified by progressive degeneration of the skeletal or voluntary muscles.(Alicia Foose,PhD, Patricia Ardovino,PhD,2008, p.141). This occurs due to mixture of hypertrophy, atrophy, and necrosis muscle cells. The muscle fibers increase in muscle size and results in muscle weakness while the muscle undergoes necrosis, fat and connective tissue replace the muscle fibers.(Sheila Grossman, Carol Mattson Porth,p.461).There are nine types of muscular dystrophy according to Alicia Foose, and Patricia Ardovino“Duchenne, Becker, Emery-Dreifuss, Limb-girdle, facioscapulohumeral, myotonic, oculopharyngeal distal, and congenital.”Each disease

Muscular Dystrophy also known as MD, is made up of a group of genetic diseases where muscle fibers are unusually susceptible to damage and the damaged muscles become progressively weak. Muscular Dystrophy is caused by certain defects with a specific type of gene known as the abnormal gene. Majority of muscular dystrophies come from an inherited disease referred to as X-linked disorders or genetic diseases in which mothers can transmit to their sons, even if the mother is not affected by the disease.

Muscular dystrophy is defined as a disease that the causes a loss of muscle mass and progressive weakness. Muscular dystrophy is not and infectious disease, but one that is passed on through abnormal gene mutations that prevent the production of the proteins that are needed to form healthy muscles. Muscular dystrophy is not a single disease, but a group of diseases. There are multiple types of muscular dystrophy, such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, which is the most common form in male children. Other forms of muscular dystrophy include Myotonic, Becker, Limb-Girdle, Facioscapulohumeral, Congenital, Oculopharyngeal, Distal and Emery-Dreifuss. Muscular dystrophy can materialize in anyone from infants to seniors.

Myotonic Dystrophy Type I, also known as Steinert’s disease or Dystrophia Myotonica (abbreviated DM1) is the most common form of muscular dystrophy. Hans Steinert was the first to describe the disease in 1909 when he noted atrophy of multiple muscles in patients with myotonia(Steinberg and Wagner 2008). Batten and Gibb of Britain also described wasting of stenomastoids, vastus internus and forearm muscles as well as difficulty releasing grasp in their 1909 paper (Batten and Gibb 1909). Fleischer in his genealogical examination was first to note that the gene does not cause disease in the first generation. This is followed by occurrence of more symptoms in the succeeding generations, starting with senile cataracts, presenile cataracts and finally muscular atrophy (Harper, Harley et al. 1992).

The above article illustrates the damage due to skeletal muscle tissue with muscular dystrophy. Muscular dystrophy causes the degenerative break down of muscles which may cause acute and or chronic damage to tissue. Such as the inability to walk, the inability to perform basic motor functioning, and the inability to do everyday tasks. The main component that muscular dystrophy effects is the dystrophin that lays on the muscle tissue which receives its stimulation from the central nervous system.