Problem Oriented Policing And Community- Orientated Policing

Due to these apparent successes, the problem-focused approach has been used to address a diverse array of problems such as gangs, drugs, school crime and the management of police call for service in urban, suburban and even rural communities. The exploration of possible responses to a problem is handled by police officers. Once a problem is identified, officers are expected to work closely with the community members to develop a solution, which can include a wide range of alternatives to arrest. These may focus on the offender, the community, the environment, outside agencies, or the need for some kind of mediation. Problem-oriented policing grew out of twenty years of research into police practices, and differs from traditional policing strategies in many significant ways. For example, problem-oriented policing enables police agencies to be more effective. Currently, police agencies commit most of their time to responding to calls for service. Problem-oriented policing offers a more effective strategy by addressing the

Community Oriented Policing was born in the late 1960’s. Between the 1930’s and the 1960’s law enforcement used a professional policing model that was based on hierarchical structures, efficient response times, standardization, and the

Policing has definably evolved over the last thousand years. Not only to progress crime fighting methods, but also show our community and greater service. The old way of policing which was primarily based on random patrol, hoping for the chance to accidently walk up on a crime in progress, police agency started focusing on social problem, and even more effective, statistics. Community policing has been enhanced through a management accountably process called (CompStat).

Although many may find community policing and problem-oriented policing to fall in the same category, there is (surprisingly) a difference between the two. For one, community policing has many definitions. For some, it means instituting foot and bicycle patrols and doing acts pertaining to the ideal bond between police officers and their community. While for others it means maintaining order and cleaning up neighborhoods in desperate need of repair (Dunham & Alpert, 2005). However, an idyllic definition of community policing is altering the traditional definition of crime control to community problem-solving and promising to transform the way police do their job. Within the past two decades, there has been much research on community

The first stage of the SARA model is scanning. Scanning means to identify the problem. “A problem is a set of harmful event in a community that people expect the police to address”. (Clark & Eck, 2014). Before we can develop a solution, first they need to have a problem to solve. Therefore when working on scanning, it is important for the police to find out the consequences of the problem and also how often this problem does happens. “There are six required elements of a problem in a community”. (Clark & Eck, 2014). The six elements include

The Community Orientented Policing Services wrote about how the events after Ferguson affected the Community Policing aspect for officers on the job. Community Policing is a topic of discussion because people do not like the rules that officers have to follow in their jobs. The services believe that everyone is a leader not just police officers, but they have noticed that the Community thinks they are just followers who give information to the police. From the Wisconsin’s chiefs point of view he states “fully 80 percent of African-American respondents said “yes,” in contrast to 37 percent of White respondents. Three-quarters of African-American respondents said that they had “little or no confidence in the investigations” into the shooting;

Problem oriented policing is geared toward solving problems. The first step in problem oriented policing is the identification and selection of a problem. One method of identifying, analyzing and selecting a problem is known as SARA. The acronym SARA stands for scanning, analysis, response, and assessment (Cronkhite, 2013). The Center for Problem Oriented Policing has several problem-specific guides for different problems that police and a community may face. The guides cover a variety of subjects ranging from burglary to gas drive offs. Each guide discusses the problem and factors involved and offers suggestions derived from police report and research of the problem (Center for Problem-Oriented Policing, n.d.).

Community-Oriented Policing involves giving the Community it serves a voice in how the Police Department a voice, a powerful voice in the daily operations. In the traditional model of Policing, the police drive policy and methodology while the community has few options if they are dissatisfied with the level of service aside from legal suits and political pressure. Recent police involved shootings and excessive force allegations across the United States involve various Police Departments claiming to have implemented Community-Oriented Policing have still resulted in public displeasure. I am going to compare three metropolitan police departments: Chicago, New York City and Houston who are all listed in our textbook Oliver, 2008 as having Community-Oriented Police programs and compare how they address Use of Force issues at the various departments and how effectively they involve the Communities they serve.

The integrated patrol strategy brings a community-oriented concept of supervising into play, which law-breaking prevention and reduction efforts are functional on a broader scale, rather than concentrating specifically on a group of people within a particular location. The integrated patrol strategy, also calls for more improved fact-finding processes and data distribution between organizations to help in effective solutions to resolving crimes and chase tendencies and configurations, as well as, the potential to toughen contacts between agencies at all levels. Paralleled to the traditional enforcement strategy which reacted to crime after the fact, and only relating different emphases to certain situations,

Community policing is a philosophy. It uses organizational strategies that support the use of partnerships and problem solving techniques to address issues of public safety.Community-oriented policing is collaboration between the community, organizations within the community, and the police that identify and solve community problems. Police officers work with the community to help solve problems related to crime, fear of crime, social and physical disorder, and neighborhood conditions. They do this to enhance the safety and quality of neighborhoods. Officers spend time in these neighborhoods getting to know the residents and business owners by talking to them about the problems that the community is facing or individuals who are causing problems. They are responsible for reducing crime in their beats.

In the problem-oriented policing philosophy, the widely utilized SARA Model (Scanning, Analysis, Response, Assessment) suggests that an ongoing, comprehensive, innovative, and tailored approach is first implemented to tackle the underlying causes of a significant crime problem in a community. The Scanning stage itself provides several important measures to exert before continuing: identify the recurring problem and consequences concerning the immediate community, prioritizing and acknowledging them, defining broad goals, and selecting certain problems for further examination (Braga, ). Eck and Spelman (1987) summarized that a problem created by these [underlying] conditions may generate one or more incidents. These incidents while stemming from a common source, may appear to be non-related (Eck and Spelman, 1987). Nationwide, the recurring problem amongst many if not all college campuses are to acknowledge the act of binge drinking, the consumption of five to four drinks in a row itself as a significant precursor to criminal behavior or victimization (Wechsler, Lee, Kuo, & Lee, 2000a).Alongside the identified limit, Wechsler et al. (2000a) had also identified that occasional binge drinkers are 5 times more likely than

By implementing the problem oriented policing program, resources will be deployed to problematic areas creating safer communities. This is completed by a method known as SARA (Scan, Analyze, Response, and Assessment)

To begin, it is necessary to explicate the concept of a policing model, in order to better contextualize this discussion of community-oriented and problem-solving models in particular. Policing models are used by researchers and police departments alike in order to describe the complex set of motivations, intentions, and strategies used to determine policing policy. Police models "are central entities of thoughts and ideas on policing," and for the most part

How does this approach compare to the traditional model of law enforcement? This innovative aspect of policing is allowing the large community to accept policing on a different level by engaging more with the people within the community. Community- oriented policing creates and relies solely one effective partnership within the community and other law enforcement agencies alike, problem-solving tactics and the transformation of police organization and culture to support this philosophical shift. This new initiative will not only get the communities members to be more comfortable by will prevent numerous crimes such as drug trafficking either within a state or country or across the borders. In light of these new

The term community is a more than geographic boundaries. It is a group of people