Problems With Transvaginal Ultrasound

Prenatal testing includes screening and diagnostic testing that can provide valuable information to parents about the baby’s health. “Women are routinely offered a variety of genetic screening tests during their first three months of pregnancy to evaluate the risk for genetic disorders in their unborn baby” (livescience.com). I believe prenatal testing and counseling should not be mandatory and that each person needs to make their own decision based on their specific circumstances. Many prenatal tests are noninvasive and only require blood or urine and can test for HIV, anemia, diabetes, hepatitis B and preeclampsia. An ultrasound can also be used to detect some abnormalities with the baby. Doctors may strongly recommend that women who

Catherine Mill argues that obstetric ultrasound has some impacts upon the embodied experience of pregnancy. For her, Ultrasound does not simply represent an already existing body, but actually constitutes the foetus as an embodied, social being. The basic question whether abortion is morally right or wrong enters into another domain through an analysis of biopolitics of reproduction. The routine use of ultrasound in obstetrics has its impact on the intuitions about the moral status of the foetus. ultrasound plays a significant role in the circulation and realization of norms in reproduction by establishing and shaping embodiment and thereby constitute social and ethical relationships. Ultrasound imaging allows the bodily life of the foetus

Child is a gift from God. Every parent hopes for a healthy child. However, abnormalities in the fetus growth becoming common nowadays. These may be due to physical, radiation and chemical factors. These factors will cause deformities such as genetic mutation which causes mental retardation, abnormal body buildup and other conditions which bring a lot of troubles in the future to the child themselves and their parents. Modern technologies and innovations in the medical field had developed a method to detect the abnormality before delivery and prevent this future tragedy to happen. This method is known as prenatal screening. There are several advantages and disadvantages of prenatal screening.

The first way that prenatal testing can be done is through something called a prenatal diagnostic test. "In general, it is the diagnostic procedures, such as amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling, that people think of when they hear the term prenatal testing," (Press 1). Amniocentesis is when doctors take a sample of the fluid that surrounds the baby in the uterus to determine certain genetic disorders or chromosomal abnormalities. Chorionic villus sampling is when doctors take cells from projections on the placenta to also discover any genetic disorders or chromosomal abnormalities. These processes are considered "invasive" because they are putting objects that could potentially hurt the baby into the protective area surrounding the baby. These ways of prenatal testing come with a very negative feeling because they could possibly injure the baby, and the word invasive is attached to a very negative connotation. However, these options can find more abnormalities and diseases than non-invasive prenatal testing. "NIPT accurately diagnoses Down's syndrome, Edward's syndrome, Patau syndrome, Turner's syndrome, and numerical chromosome aberration and cannot detect other chromosomal anomalies," (Ryu & Kim 1). Even though this is true, NIPT is still a very beneficial option to the mother and unborn child. NIPT usually uses a DNA sample to determine chromosomal abnormalities that could lead to things such as Down's syndrome. The procedure is done by the doctors taking a sample of the mother's blood to determine what types of diseases and disabilities the baby will have. Many people like this type of prenatal testing because it is not detrimental to the baby, or mother's health. "Studies investigating the acceptability of NIPT suggest that pregnant women find it preferable because the standard screening is associated with more uncertain results and

Ethical issues for prenatal testing currently are on the rise. In most medical tests, there are always ethical issues that come with the progress. Prenatal screenings are still something that is fairly new to the world. Since there are many types of tests and advancements to the screenings, there are many ethical issues. Many of the ethical issues are the psychological and emotional effects, ethics concerning religion, if the tests are purely for information, and other ethical issues that are coming forward.

Technology on Prenatal screening might has helped to determine the health of the fetus before it's born but it has caused the legal and bioethical issues. It should be looked upon how fast the technology is advancing because without it there would be less abortion since no one would be seeking medical diagnosis.

The article, “Transvaginal Sonography: perception and attitude of Nigerian women” was written to express the results and findings of an experiment. Wanting to gain information on how these women perceived transvaginal sonography (TVS), they conducted this experiment in Nigeria that involved 255 women that gave consent to receive a TVS by certified sonographers (Okeji et al., 2017). They wanted to receive feedback from the women after receiving the TVS to conclude their overall pain level and experience during the procedure. What they found was that most women did not find it painful nor awkward and would receive another in the future (Okeji et al., 2017). They also found that the more education these women had received in their life time,

1st trimester non-invasive genetic testing: Here at MWH all of our patients, regardless of age or risk factors, are offered cell-free fetal DNA testing during their initial prenatal visit (around 10 weeks). Cell-free DNA is the most advanced way to detect early fetal abnormalities through genetic material that is released by the placenta and into the maternal blood circulation. The results are very accurate, the test is non-invasive (blood draw for mom), and if you choose, you can also learn the sex of the baby by the end of the first trimester! Best yet, most insurance will cover the full cost of our

An ultrasound is a test that uses sound waves to take pictures of the inside of the body. An abdominal ultrasound takes pictures of the inside of the abdomen, and a pelvic ultrasound takes pictures of the inside of the pelvis. An abdominal or pelvic ultrasound may be done to:

If the patient decides to continue with the pregnancy, there are many screening steps required for acceptable management of the disease. Ultrasonography of the fetus should be used throughout gestation, with a focus on the ocular structures. Neonatal magnetic resonance imaging has also been developed at some centers, which may allow to be more sensitive in detecting smaller calcifications. However, the method of magnetic resonance imagining in the fetus has not been studied enough in the context of a cancer risk fetus in regards to fetus safety. Some experts suggest that there should be early induction of the newborn, if they have been identified as “harboring high-risk features” on screening tests. However, this approach is not accepted with all experts in the USA. Therefore, this decision should be made on a case by case basis between all expert physicians involved in their respective fields (Gombos, 2012).

□ Used when findings on hysterosalpingosonogram are concerning for intrauterine lesions that would need to be addressed.

Transvaginal sonography revealed a single gestational sac with yolk sac with fetal node which on midline sagittal view appeared to be present at the previous caesarean section scar. Uterine cavity was empty. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was done to confirm the diagnosis. Both sagittal and transverse T1- and T2-weighted MRI sequences clearly showed the gestational sac embedded in the anterior lower

Beth can also go through a procedure known as amniocentesis. Amniocentesis where they insert a needle into the mothers’ abdomen and retrieve amniotic fluid. With the amniotic fluid they can do testing to determine the genotype of the fetus Finally, she could also do chorionic villus sampling or CVS. This test is normally performed in the beginning of pregnancies. A needle is inserted into the vagina through the uterus to obtain a sample of cells from the placenta. The sample is then again sent to a lab to be tested. With both amniocentesis and CVS, they can determine over 200 genetic disorders. With both procedures, there is a risk of miscarriage, but is it extremely

I personally believe that prenatal testing should not be mandatory. Every couple should be entitled to make their own decision whether they want to do it or not. While doctors mean well by performing these test, we need to remember that there is a possibility of receiving abnormal results which can lead to a lot of anxiety on mothers or even worse termination of healthy pregnancies (First Trimester Screen, 2016) .

Since the 1970s electronic fetal monitoring has grown to be the single most prevalent obstetrical intervention, used in over 85 percent of hospital births as of 2010 (ACOG Practice Bulletin 132). Electronic fetal monitoring is intended to detect abnormalities in