Problems of Municipal Administration in India

In the United States of America, there are two forms of government that most cities adhere to, Mayor-Council and Council-Manager. However, there is a third form of government that a smaller few adhere to call the commission. Moreover, approximately 59% of the cities in the United States utilize the Council-Manager form of government; conversely 33% utilize the Mayor-Council form of government, which means the remaining 8% more than likely utilize the commission form of government.

Gupta India (320 B.C.E-550 C.E.) and Imperial Rome (31 B.C.E.-476 C.E.) both had very distinctive methods of political control based on everything from cultural reasons to geographic limitations. Many factors were present affecting the similarities and differences between the two.

a few thousand years later, are relevant to governance today. In this assignment a number of them—

Before its modern state, India had only been united once. This time was under the rule of the Mauryan Empire in the 300s-200s BCE. The Mauryan Empire was started by Chandragupta Maurya after overthrowing and conquering the Magadha government. He proceeded to conquer more than half of the Indian subcontinent. After some time, Chandragupta’s grandson Asoka came to power. Asoka was a leader who ruled with feelings of remorse for decisions he had made in the past yet still ruled with great, imposing power. He also was mindful of his people and made sure to always rule in favor of them.

With regard to a mayor-council form, the system itself is based upon the presence of numerous factors which lead to the creation of a range of types which share one basic foundation. As suggested by the premise of this form of local government, the primary actors which come together to continue the sustenance of this framework include the mayor and the council, both of which must be elected (Center for Governmental Research 1). Consequently, the presence of these two parties within the wider framework entails the extent to which each actor holds a certain degree or extent of authority in managing the affairs of the city, this notion implies that the distribution of power and authority maybe classified as relative or absolute wherein it may favor the elected mayor or the elected council in terms of possession of power on the basis of the chosen variation of the mayor-council form of government.

Chola rulers allowed considerable autonomy to their subjects and the towns and villages of Southern India largely organized their own affairs

India could not maintain an imperial government and instead went with regional kingdoms. Together Kautalya ad Chandragupta built a bureaucratic administration. Chandragupta later left his thrown to become a monk. His son then took over the thrown but the high point of the empire was throughout the reign of his grandson Ashoka. Ashoka established a capital and ruled through a tightly organized bureaucracy. He was unique however in his communication of policies. They were written in natural stone all around the empire. Asoka’s Empire depended on large corps of officials to administer policies and a very strong army. The Guptas did something that not many people did, their local government, administration and the making of basic policies was

Local government and the challenges of the future is a comprehensive topic and subject to many differing opinions as it relates to geographical area examination and their specific needs. Every country, province, city etc. has their own detailed challenges in urban and rural settings but internationally there are similarities.

While the British assumed control over India, they created the advanced infrastructure of its newly founded political system and military with the sole purpose to restricted the native population. According to Lalvani, all of India’s standards for its justice system, civil service, army and police force were all set by the British imperialist. Although the framework was set to have an efficient way of governing the native land and population, it did not include Indians and instead served the needs of englishmen. Out of 960 civil offices, 900 positions were occupied by englishmen and only the remaining 60 were filled by natives (Doc.2.) Ultimately, through the creation of heavy taxation and freedom restricting laws that only affected the Indian

The structures of colonial social formations took a different shape, Using India as a classic example. The resulting structure was neither the unchanged pre-colonial system nor was it identical with that of conventional capitalism. It is properly designated as, I have suggested, a colonial mode of production.

In the nonfiction book written by Suketu Mehta, Maximum City: Bombay Lost and Found, the title holds significant meaning. The reason behind this is explored within the first chapter, “Personal Geography,” as it concisely represents why Mehta chose this as the name of his work (3). Through the telling of his history in Bombay as a child and his rediscovery of it coming back as an adult, Mehta sets the stage for an in-depth description of this city and its nature throughout the rest of the book. This transformation from an insider to the culture of the city, to an outsider, to a potential insider is the essence of this first chapter, and overall the inspiration that Mehta uses to write this book. He makes the reader understand that this act of recording all of this information about Bombay is not to only to educate the reader, but also to educate and reacquaint himself with his city. Through immersing himself in the culture and the lifestyle, he finally receives the citizenship that he lost when he was a child and has been desiring since then.

The development of agriculture during the Neolithic Revolution slowly removed the need for nomadic cultures. Human’s ability to farm sufficiently increased the number of individuals settling in one place. As farming technology advanced, society grew and was able to support more and more people, which lead to cooperation and ultimately the beginning of societies. The informal leadership within these small groups slowly evolved to a more formal form of governance to handle societal issues. As the legitimacy of a government shifted away from the mandate of God, men became more involved in politics from all aspect. Without divine instruction, men devised of political system in hope of the preservation of his rights and liberties. Summarizing the

On the other hand, India has spent a majority of its history as a colony of England. It was not until 1947 that India became an independent nation state, after a grassroots nationalist movement started by Gandhi, and even then they were a one party congress. They are also an interesting case of democracy because of how many unfavorable aspects towards it they had, such as high inequality, many peasants, and many different languages and religions (Lecture). In 1956, India was broken up into states by the States Reorganization Act, that made state lines based on linguistic group. India’s founding leaders mirrored the ideas of America, in balancing states rights with a central government (Sil, 2014). They have also more recently gone through a liberalization of their economy. India is unique in the way that their social hierarchy is constructed because of the fact that they have a caste system. The caste system is a combination of religious practice and community organization that is a part of Hinduism (Sil, 2014). This system was officially demolished in the country, but in the country it is still very prevalent, and the focus on helping those who were in lower castes succeed has made people more aware of the way they institute social policies.

The purpose of this essay is to discuss the public interest and the administrative responsibility. Discuss some of the recent ethical obligations confronting public administrators in their day to day decision making. Also we will examine the recent trend in privatizing government functions. Finally, we will discuss if privatizing posses any type of dilemma’s for the attainment of public interest.

At least, now alert citizens can slow down corrupt officers and politicians.Third, Indian politics will hopefully mature as more information passes through the hands of political rivals, police, judiciary, media and the people. The Act will reveal who is exploiting whom and how one can get justice for the poor and the needy. The judiciary will now have better data to decide against the corrupt.That sounds so far flung, doesn't it? Let us start from the district level. If the road leading to your town is washed out in the first rains of the season, you might like to ask who was given the contract to build that road, at what price and what the terms and conditions were.Was the contractor related to a Member of Parliament or a member of legislative assembly in that area? During the building of that road, did any government officer object to any deficiency or malpractice? Was there any communication in this regard? The concerned departments will have to come up with answers in the stipulated period.