In this assignment the author will produce a report that discusses nutritional and energy requirements, comparing and contrasting similarities and differences between the two groups for each nutrient and for energy. The two groups the author has chosen to compare are women aged between 19-50 and pregnant women.
The recommended daily calorie intake is 1940kcal this amount is needed to provide them with enough energy throughout the day and to meet the BMR(basal metabolic rate)this is less compared to the amount needed by pregnant mothers as the amount needed by is considerably higher in the last three months pregnant mother’s need 2140kcal a day. This is because pregnant women need more calories more importantly later in the pregnancy as
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Iron is needed in 14.8mg by both groups of women this is because the absorption rate of iron increases during pregnancy although a woman's body needs more iron than usual to produce all the blood needed to supply nutrition to the placenta. Good sources of iron are green vegetables such as broccoli and spinach, strawberries, muesli and wholemeal bread. 10 per cent of women may need iron supplement due to menstrual losses therefore in that case their intake of iron could increase, but for women where this is not the case there is no increase. Zinc is needed 7.0mg for both groups this is because the absorption rate of zinc increases during pregnancy but in the first 4months of lactating this increases by 6.0mg then over 4 months increases by 2.5mg this is due to the fact that zinc is needed for the development of the baby. Vitamin A is needed in 600 µg in women aged 19-50 but for pregnant woman its increased by 100µg and when pregnant women are lactating there is a further increasing of 350µg the increase is Important for cell growth, eye development, healthy skin and mucous membranes, infection resistance, bone growth, fat metabolism, and red blood cell production and postpartum tissue repair. Thiamine is needed in 0.8mg but in pregnant women this is increased by 0.1mg and when the women are lactating it’s increased by a further 0.2mg as it
14. Dietary supplements do not require government approval before entering the market, and manufacturers alone decide whether their products are safe and effective.
If I were a pregnant or lactating woman I would be eating less carbohydrates and more fiber, protein and vegetable as well as making a concentrated effort to drink milk. When my children were small I didn’t have a lot of money so I saved the milk for them and got out of the habit of drinking it. Now I have a small intolerance for lactose, I cannot tolerate large quantities of dairy without some suffering. I would be recommended to take in the first trimester would be 2544 calories/ day, second trimester 2744 calories/ day, third trimester 2934 calories/ day. At the current caloric intake that I have now I am not taking in nearly enough to support a pregnancy. I would need to adjust my eating habits. As a lactating woman my caloric intake would be 2544 calories/ day. Still I would need to keep my modification in place in order to keep a baby nourished appropriately without depleting myself (Calorie calculator-).
The nutritional-metabolic pattern depicts characteristics of the family’s typical food and fluid consumption and metabolism (Gordon, 2007). In this particular family, all members follow a well balanced diet. They prefer homely food which is freshly prepared. They are very particular to include traditional Indian food in their daily diet. The family is not having adequate fluid intake in their daily life.
The participants are selected randomly; they are healthy overweight women form age 25 to 50 years old. The women are divided into two groups. One group is provided with traditional food, which means that the participants select their own food using the USDA Food Guide Pyramid. The other group is putting on meal replacement, which means that these participants have to replace two or three of their meals per day with study meal replacement drinks or bars. Moreover, all participants of the study are excepted to follow an energy restricted diet of 5400KJ per day. Although participants in both groups don’t have much weight loss difference, the group eating fortified meal replacements present more essential nutrient intake compare to the other group. This study main goal is to encourage health care providers to help patients to increase weight losses and incorporating fortified foods in their
Rationale: According to Rao & Georgieff (2007), there is an association between pregnancy and an increase demand for iron. Pregnancy demands about 1,000 mg of additional iron due to the expanding RBCs and plasma volumes of the mother and the growing placenta. Maternal iron is important for the transfer of the necessary amount of iron to the fetus, important for the development and function of the organ systems. Mothers with a poor iron status and malnutrition can lead to iron deficiency anemia, especially if the woman had insufficient iron before pregnancy (Perry, Hockenberry, Lowdermilk & Wilson,
Iron stores in nonpregnant women are commonly low because of the loss of menstrual blood which 1 mL blood loss is equal to the loss of the element iron 0.5mg. In total, the typical Fe loss during menses loss is between 12 to 15mg. The typical values for Iron intake by women is between 12 to 18mg/day. However, in the UK, the Reference Nutrient intake for women between the ages of 19-50 years is
Dietary intakes of subjects were assessed, by filling valid 168-items food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), performed by an expert Nutritionist [26, 27]. This questionnaire includes general food items and portion sizes of usual foods taken, typically. Frequency of food taken by each participant was determined, during the past 12 months as daily, weekly and monthly intake. Therefore, the daily intake of food items was converted to gram per day by amount of usual portions [28]. Also, with regards to the content of eaten food, total amount of micronutrients and macronutrients was calculated by nutrition analysis software (N4).
Micronutrients are essential during pregnancy. There are two groups of micronutrients: vitamins and minerals. Vitamins are organic while minerals are inorganic. However, both of them cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained from the diet in trace amount. Iron, folate and vitamin B12 are three of the micronutrients that are required to be increased in pregnant women for normal embryonic development to occur. When these recommendations are not met, deficiencies can develop in mother and lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes in the infant.
The meals I had were low in dietary fiber, copper, and vitamin B12. The chicken eggroll I ate, provided the most nutrients for the above-mentioned supplements. However, the chicken eggroll and the other food were not enough to meet the target nutrition this day.
Everyone needs a certain amount of different nutrients to meet energy, plastic and other needs of the organism. Average statistic norms of meeting those needs in healthy people are determined depending on the height, weight, age, sex, physical activity. However, these average statistic values may differ in different groups of people more than twice. Moreover the body is not indifferent to the way it meets its energy needs: by proteins, fats or carbohydrates. In average, the metabolic processes are the best when the ratio of these substances in the food equals 1: 1.2: 4. These ratios are established for the share of vegetable proteins and fats, for amino acid protein content, for the ratio of phosphorus and calcium, calcium and magnesium etc.
When looking at my Food Groups and Calories Report, I noticed that I almost did not meet the requirements for any of the food groups. The only food group that I did OK with was protein. However; I was under on all of the other food groups such as grains, vegetables, fruits, dairy and oils. This may have something to do with the number of calories that were consumed within that two-day period. This report was based on a 2400 calorie allowance and the number of calories that I consumed was 934 calories short of that allowance. The report also seems to be based on a full week so that could have also played a role in the food groups not being met.
Prenatal vitamins are a standard requirement for pregnant women to help ensure that the fetus gets all of the nutrients it needs to grow. Inside of these vitamins are higher than normally required amounts of essential nutrients for the human body. Folic acid, calcium and iron are some of the most valuable vitamins and minerals in these supplements.
A prominent disease that affects pregnancy in India is anemia. Although having an iron deficiency is not a problem connected to gender it is more prevalent in women because of their monthly cycle and blood loss. Women in the third world are even more prone to an iron deficiency as they are often already deficient in other necessary vitamins and nutrients. Women in the first world often take supplements and pre-natal vitamins in order to ensure they have an adequate amount of vitamins and minerals to function properly and also support the life growing inside them. However for those in the third world who do not have access to medical care and have limited access to nutritious foods or adequate amounts of food it can be difficult to obtain enough iron and other essential nutrients.
Dr. Anthony Little, one of the authors of the study from the University of Bath, explained that becoming pregnant, breastfeeding, and taking care of kids need a high expenditure of energy and higher nutrient