Title Production Frequency in Speech Therapy: A Review Abstract This study explored the variable of frequency of production in the context of speech therapy for Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS) to determine whether more practice of speech targets leads to better client outcomes. Two treatment designs were implemented, one using moderate frequency of productions and another using high frequency of productions. The success of these treatment designs were compared in order to assess the importance of frequency in treatment for CAS. Introduction CAS is a rare neurological, sensorimotor speech sound disorder. According to related research, successful therapy for those with CAS is achieved by incorporating four tenets of motor learning into therapy: precursors to learning, conditions of practice, feedback, and influence of rate. Other studies suggest that intense treatment is necessary for success, but intensity is rarely measured, and research specifically addressing practice amounts had not been conducted prior to this study. The study hypothesized that children would achieve greater in-session production accuracy and generalization of speech targets when treated with a higher frequency of productions. Materials/Methods The subjects of the study were two children, Jaime and Felix, who suffer from CAS. Both children …show more content…
Both children were treated using a combination of moderate frequency and high frequency production elicitations. For moderate (ModF) treatment, 30 to 40 productions of each speech target were elicited. In the high (HiF) treatment, 100–150 productions were elicited. In both treatment conditions, the same types of activities and games were used to elicit the speech targets. Treatment sessions included the use of toys that were of interest to the children. An apraxia flipbook and small mirrors were used for visual cuing. A two-week break was taken following treatment before assessing
The scope of practice of speech-language pathology describes the ethical and clinical responsibility of clinicians to implement therapy techniques, which contains efficacy that is supported by evidence. Non-speech oral-motor exercises (NSOMEs), in particular have raised controversy among speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and researchers when treating children with articulation and phonological disorders. The use of NSOMEs is a debated issue in the profession due to the lack of evidence based practice (EBP), poor clinical assumptions, and the avoidance of meeting the client’s needs.
The second article, A Methodology for Assessing the Functions of Emerging Speech in Children with Developmental Disabilities by Lerman, Parten, Addison, Vorndran, Volkert, & Kodak, 2005 (2005), is about an experimental study aimed to develop and evaluate
The purpose of this evidence based research paper is to evaluate the efficacy of the cycles approach when compared to the traditional articulation therapy approach in the treatment of children who are highly unintelligible. The Cycles Phonological Remediation Approach (Hodson, 2011) is a treatment method for children with severe speech sound disorders. This approach targets phonological pattern errors in a sequential manner. During each cycle, one or more phonological patterns are targeted and after each cycle is complete, another cycle begins. Recycling of phonological patterns continues until the targeted patterns are generalized into the child’s conversational speech. The cycles approach is meant to mirror typical phonological development in children (Hodson, 2011).
The participants consisted of 43 preschoolers with verbalization and sound disorders between the ages of four and five. The participants were selected through clinical recommendations in upstate New York from May 2007 to April 2008. Children were primarily from middle
Clinical Implications: Minimal-contrast treatment is effective and efficient for treating children with phonological disability. Avoiding listener confusion is motivating for suppressing process use.
CAS is one of the most difficult disorders to diagnose. Many speech pathologists are worried that it is commonly over diagnosed and misdiagnosed (“Apraxia: Speech Therapy,” 2011). It is not known how many children actually have CAS, but it appears to be on the rise. Certain factors, such as increased awareness of CAS by professionals and families, evaluation and identification
There are several therapies that have been developed throughout the years to help children with the disorder. The Applied behavioral analysis (ABA); the educational therapy, which focus on educational and cognitive skills; the medical and related interventions, and the Allied health therapy, that focus on language development, it includes: “speech/language, occupational, and physical therapists, including auditory and sensory integration, music therapy, and language therapies (e.g., Picture Exchange Communication System [PECS])” (Agency for Healthcare research and quality, 2014). However, the main idea of this research paper is to focus on the music therapy approach, which can serve as an important tool to develop basic verbal and nonverbal communication in
Childhood Apraxia of speech is a relatively new speech condition that affects a very small number of children. It is, therefore, not easy to identity it or diagnoses it if one is not keen. It should be noted that this is a speech problem where the muscles that are involved in the production of sound are unable to move in the expected manner and in the expected speed. The person with this condition will have problems pronouncing some words and in some situations he may not be able to pronounce the longer words. This condition is quite different from stammering and stuttering in that here it is the speech muscles that have problems. The paper looks at this condition in details, the signs and symptoms, how
Authors Jonathan L. Preston, Nickole Brick, and Nicole Landi did a study to determine if ultrasound boifeedback for children with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) was efficient. Biofeedback feedbacks are instrumentals that allow clinicians to be able to gather visual information on the client’s performance, which can only target lingual phonemes. This study has very little evidence that support it, but it is expanding to may more research that will be tested in the near future.
This showed the nature and degree of growth from each participant in the study. To see that Imitated speech was somewhat difficult to get from the participants, was odd because these children since being diagnosed have been getting speech therapy. The children did show effective results and hard work when it came to the number of consonants and vowels they got correct. In the AMMT session twenty -three participants improved in the twenty-five sessions they had of therapy. The trails had a high correlation, this allowed the ability of these participants to repeat correctly the distinct sounds at baseline. For the study this meant that the participants that will get the most results from AMMT will be those who can imitate speech sounds. And this seems to be because of intonation-based treatments ability to harness
The first study deals with the age at which each participant started, the degree of their hearing loss and children’s speech production, language development, and auditory skills that were evaluated when they finished the program. Also, during this study information from the family was taken regarding their view on the time they started early intervention for their child. The first set of results found that the pretest scores of Group one, the youngest children scored the lowest on expressive and receptive language while the oldest group, Group three, scored the highest. On the other hand, when given the posttest, Group one scored higher than Group three. For speech production and auditory discrimination, all groups were at a basic level. At the
Tyler recommends simple, naturalistic activities as part of a home program, focused on auditory stimulation through modeling and not requiring productions, at least not until the child has achieved correct production in single words in treatment.
“I’m sorry, Molly, but I can’t understand you”, “Can you repeat that for me? “I’m sorry, what?” “It 's not _______ it’s ________”. These were the responses that I heard most often while I was learning to speak. When I was younger, I had a hard time communicating. No one could understand what I was saying and I was told that I frequently sounded like I was in a tunnel. These responses were very frustrating as I was learning to speak. I knew what I was trying to say and I was baffled why other people could not understand. My parents were actively trying to find a solution to help me speak more clearly. When my preschool recommended to my parents that I should do speech therapy through Minnetonka schools, my parents decided that I
Music therapy is successful because it is paired with actions and repetitive training. When this occurs the pathway need to speak are reinforced and begin to
This is very important to me as I wish to become a speech language pathologist for young children. As a speech language pathologist, I will help evaluate and treat children who have difficulty with communication disorders such as stuttering, aphasia, apraxia, and swallowing. In order to evaluate and treat, it’s important for me to understand how children acquire and express language, which was one of the main reasons why I choose this article to