Professional Tattoo Research

The cartilage was tough and flexible, and it was difficult to cut through. The bone, however, when I finally was able to cut through it, had blood within it. This proves that bone is the site for blood formation. The bone was more difficult to cut through than the cartilage.

58) Connective tissues that possess a large quantity of collagen fibers often provide the framework for organs such

My senior project was over the History of Tattooing, I chose this as my topic because Tattoos really interest me with all the different styles and meanings behind them. Some things I already knew about Tattooing is a lot of tribes used tattoos to symbolize things, but I didn’t know what.

A Career in the tattoo industry has always been a fantasy of mine, I’ve had a lot of dreams for what I want to do when I’m all grown up and I can honestly say that a tattoo artist will always be one of them. Ever since I could remember I’ve had a talent for anything art wise. My favorite hobby has always been drawing. As a kid I enjoyed looking at and hearing about everyone’s tattoos. They’re just permanent drawings on someone’s body. Your body is like a temple for your soul, and I think that tattoos are just decorations. They tell the souls story, and make the body look like a beautiful book of life. It’s like a unique way of telling your story, through the art all over your temples walls. Every tattoo has a meaning and a story behind it.

Soft callus formation Blood clot is replaced by fibrocartilage and collagen, converting granulation tissue to a soft callus. This is where new blood vessels begin to grow.

Padowski tries to give the reader confidence in her position, with evidence supporting her belief, that a tattoo is a bad choice. She uses the Mayo Clinic's opinion that tattoos can lead to skin infections, as well as allergic reactions. Other Mayo Clinic concerns noted include blood born diseases like tetanus and hepatitus B and C.

Proliferative phase occurs within a few days of injury in which cells that were involved in the battle need to tend to their wounds and the regenerate to restore itself to its formal glory as best as possible. The body’s way of restoring itself is through use of angiogenesis, granulation tissue formation, wound contraction and epithelialization. This combination acts of getting new blood vessels to the damage area, aid in the formation of cells to fill in the area which leads to scar tissue, allow the skin to flexible in the repair process and finally resurface the wound with new epithelial

Collagen is secreted as pro collagen by fibroblasts and is aggregated into fibers. Type I collagen is the most common type and is found in ligaments and tendons.

They include keratin found in hair and nails, and collagen found in connective tissue. Collagen under a microscope look like long fibres that are woven together to create extra strength, it is a fibrous protein. Collagen is made up of three polypeptide chains wound around each other. Hydrogen bonds forms between the chains and this gives the structure strength.The collagen account for around a quarter of all proteins in the body. The function of collagen is to give mechanical strength. In the walls of arteries, a layer of collagen prevents blood that is being pumped from the heart at high pressure from bursting the walls. Tendons connect skeletal muscles to the bones. Tendons are mostly collagen and form a strong connection that allows muscles to pull bones for movement. Collagen is also responsible for the elasticity of the skin, which is why the skin becomes wrinkled when it lacks collagen . It also makes the skin waterproof. The functions of collagen in the connective tissue include nutrient transport and inflammation.

The first experiment we ran was the α-smooth muscle actin (asma) stain. The purpose of this stain was to use a primary and secondary antibody to indirectly stain the microfilaments that characterize myofibroblasts. Under a fluorescent microscope, this will provide a visual representation of how many fibroblasts in our samples had differentiated into myofibroblasts. To set up for this experiment, fibroblasts were plated on coverslips and incubated for seven days, to reach 100% confluency, in either the presence or absence of allopurinol. After one week the coverslips were fixed with methanol and the first antibody, a mouse anti-human asma, was applied onto the coverslip and kept refrigerated overnight. The next day the coverslips were rinsed with PBS, all rinses are performed with PBS, and the second antibody, a goat anti-mouse rhodamine, was applied to the coverslips for thirty minutes in a dark place. Lastly, after another rinse, a DAPI counterstain, which would interact with the DNA in the nucleus of every fibroblast to make them visible, was applied for fifteen minutes and rinsed. Then the coverslips were mounted onto slides with glycerol and looked at under the fluorescent microscope. The nuclei of all of the cells lit up blue and the microfilaments in the differentiated fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, lit up bright

Ansell, D. M., Kloepper, J. E., Thomason, H. A., Paus, R., et al. (2011). Exploring the “Hair Growth–Wound Healing Connection”: Anagen Phase Promotes Wound Re-Epithelialization. Journal of investigative dermatology. 131(2): 518-528.

Would you prefer your child to have a safe tattoo or a potentially life threatening disease? Having the legal age for getting a tattoo lowered to 16 can prevent disease, spread tattoo businesses, teach responsibility to young adults, and allow today’s younger generation to express themselves through art. In society today, it is becoming more and more normal to see tattoos on younger people. Instead of a new haircut or a new pair of shoes, younger people like to get a new tattoo or a new piercing.

Dermis-“is mainly composed of collagen, but also contains elastic and reticular fibers, fibroblasts, and the other cells typical of fibrous connective tissue.”(Saladin p. 181)

In the native cornea, the proteoglycans containing chondroitin sulfate chains plays an important role on regulating collagen size and inter-fibrillar spacing [43]. In this ex vivo model, KC corneas have larger inter-fibrillar spacing and fibril diameter, which could be attributed to the degradation of chondroitin sulfate chains via enzymatic action, thus weakening inter- and intra-fibrillar collagen binding. The loss of inter-fibrillar collagen binding results in lower collagen fibrillar density. Meanwhile, the weakened intra-fibrillar collagen binding causes loosening of the tight packing in individual collagen fibrils, thereby changing the collagen fibril diameter distribution. ECM treatment restored the fibril density and altered the fibril diameter distribution. Treatment with different ECM groups (COR, CART, LN) resulted in different fibril sizes and density distributions. The differences observed after treatment could potentially be attributed to the varying biological components in the tissues from which the ECMs were extracted. While dissimilar in the ultrastructures produced, all ECM treatment groups restored mechanical properties of the cornea equally.

Burst Pressure measures the pressure that a trachea tube can handle before rupturing or bursting: the maximum pressure of 30 psig needs to be withstand without failure for 12 weeks42, 44. The change in scaffold diameter can also be measured from beginning of testing to the end of testing and the change in diameter was calculated. Polymer degradation time (mass loss) will be collected for 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 weeks from the initial mass before degradation and the residual mass. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and optical micrograph will be used to observe scaffold and collagen fibers morphology for 0, 3, 6, 12 wk31, 35. These methods can also measure fiber size and shape as well as the diameter and thickness of the layers for scaffold47,48. All test listed above will be measure over span of 12 weeks for in vitro degradation study.