Essay on ProfessionalDevelopmentAssignment7 Turn

The purpose of this unit is to assess the learner’s knowledge, understanding and skills required to promote the professional duty to maintain the currency of knowledge and skills and the need to continually reflect on and improve practice.

T.R. Reid uses cost, quality, and choice to fully evaluate healthcare systems all around the world. As an American citizen, I have always thought our system was unfair. The poor suffer more than the rich for going to see a doctor for the same reason. In chapter one of The healing of America, T.R. Reid comments on how many Americans have also started to notice that the American healthcare system is not as great as we once thought. Not only is it unfair, but it is also expensive and unsuccessful (9). By looking at all the other countries’ healthcare systems, Reid would then be able to better pinpoint how America can better its health care system by taking portions of those health systems.

Quality of service should be one of the most important and well monitored goals for any medical facility, from your small town family doctor’s office, to nursing and rehabilitation facilities, all the way to large hospital systems. The quality of service provided in a facility doesn’t just affect the patients. Quality of service also affects the bottom line, or whether or not the hospital system is profitable. In order to better access the system’s current quality of service and to devise improvement plans I would need to explore issues that have significant effect on quality of care such as, patient satisfaction and retention, medical errors

Quality Improvement (QI) is an organizational approach leading to the quality of patient care and patient services through use of specific guidelines, principles, and methods to ensure quality of care for every patient and health care facility throughout the world. Quality outcomes focus on the principles of quality management. These measurements investigate the quality of care, patient outcomes and consumer needs, through being part of the participant group. This quality improvement discussion will review the foundational frameworks of QI and explanation of each framework in detail. Included in this QI report will be

This essay will argue that cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) is not a just procedure for prioritizing health services. It will argue that priority for the worse off would be the most just approach in prioritizing services for Medicaid recipients through the case study of the Oregon Health Services Commission. I believe that priority to the worse off is the better alternative to CEA because it considers the difference of need between individuals in resource allocation.

The debate of cost verse care in the United States (U.S.) health care system is a conversation that has to continue. The stakeholders and policy makers should continuoulsy work to adjust cost based on a compassionate care model to bring the highest quality of care to U.S. patients. Continual adjustments are needed at all levels of our health care system to sustain care coordination. The practical health care model can guide the cost side while a compassionate care model has to be used to counter. Both sides can join to structure a functional cost effective healthcare system. The three most important aspects to understand when making healthcare decisions in the U.S. are economics, research, and ethics.

• Resource: Applying the Results and Conclusion of the Research Process to Problems in Health Care Grading Criteria.

The fundamental principles for rewarding health care providers with incentives are determined on the premise of evidence-based health care quality and ethical-based performance that prioritizes patient-centered care that is vital for improving the health outcomes for the population (Wharam et al., 2012). According to the study in the Journal of General Internal Medicine (JGIM), experts determined that unintended ethical challenges in implementing pay-for-performance is ethically uncertain without evidence of safety and efficacy that adequately measures the quality of care, definitions of quality and the adverse effects on patients and health care providers (Wharam et al., 2012). Experts of the study recommended that current arrangements to compensate health care providers for high quality care should transition from a risky pay-for-performance system to an ethical performance-based system (Wharam et al.,

Quality measures are strategies that gauge, evaluate or compute health care processes, results, discernments, patient insight, and administrative structure. In addition, quality measures are frameworks that are connected with the capacity to deliver first-class health care and/or that are able to identify with one or more quality objectives for medicinal services. These objectives include: compelling, protected, effective, quiet focused, impartial, and opportune consideration. Quality measures can be used to measure quality improvement, public reporting, and pay-for-reporting programs specific for health care providers (CMS.gov, 2016). There are an assortment of quality measures in which health care organizations can use to determine the status of the care they are delivering. Many are appropriate, but few are chosen for this research paper. Among them are: National Health Care Surveys, Hospital IQR Programs, Scorecards, and Political, Power, and Perception/Data for Decision-making tools.

A lot of explanation has been put across to explain the healthcare quality. The Institute of Medicine in the USA describes it as the degree to which health services for patients increase the likelihood of the desired health outcomes and show consistency with

There are many healthcare fields that rely on the performance of certain variables, such as customer satisfaction, bedside manner, and trust between caregiver and patient. These factors are only a few constructs, but important ones, that can be measured to improve the many disciplines throughout the healthcare system (Gok, Sezen, 2013). In comparison to a teaching hospital team of caregivers versus teams of caregivers in a private practice setting, which is more effective to attain better end-results from the caregivers and the patients? Is there a significant relationship between the amount of caregivers a patient has in a teaching hospital environment versus a private practice setting when it comes to patient satisfaction, bedside manner, and trust between caregiver and patient (Lin, 2004)? Are there factors beyond these aforementioned variables that may play a role in whether quality healthcare is considered successful between patient and their caregivers (Tzeng, Yin, 2008)? Using self-administered, cross-sectional surveys of patients, on the path of being discharged from a particular unit or the hospital versus similar surveys of patients going to a private practice visiting their primary care provider, what is considered excellent quality of care from both the perspectives of the patient and the different caregivers involved? In other words, what are the main factors, in the eyes of the caregiver and the patient, represent excellent care based on past and

These measurements provide feedback of a patient’s experience with the care offered at a given hospital. These measurements assess a wide range of factors including interpersonal aspects of care, clarity of - and ease of access to - information provided by the physician, speed of medical staff’s response to the patient’s urgent care needs, among other factors. These measurements are used by patients in their subjective evaluation during their process of choosing a hospital for emergency care or

Quality indicators enable the health care system to identify inferior care in both process or outcome and structure while enhancing quality improvement in health care (De Vos et. al, 2009, p.1).

Changing factors such as aging populations and new technologies becoming available are increasing expectations from people throughout the world, and decision makers must make rational choices to maximise benefits to population health whilst working with limited resources. Yothasamut et al (2009) summarise this by observing that "health care resources in every setting are always constrained, while unlimited demand is observed". The 'best' choices in the context of economics are the ones which maximise utility (individual satisfaction through consumption of goods) and welfare, the sum utility experienced by all individuals in society. Decision makers often have to seek satisfactory rather than optimal solutions, also known as working with 'bounded rationality' (Simon 1957 in Williams et al 2008), as it is important to pursue both efficiency and equity in the funding of health care. Therefore, it may be unsuitable to fund the most cost effective option if it sacrifices the equal distribution of benefits. Research in health economics can take a normative or positive approach and this reflects the balance needed between cost control and equity when making economic decisions. Positive economic research and analysis is concerned with 'how things are' and seeks to explain economic phenomena, whilst normative economic research and analysis is concerned with 'how things ought to be' and relies on value

The Institute of Medicine (IOM) Committee to Design a Strategy for Quality Review and Assurance in Medicare defines quality of care to be “the degree to which health services for individuals and populations increase the likelihood of desired health outcomes and are consistent with current professional knowledge” (Ransom, Joshi, Nash & Ransom, 2008). Making sure to have current knowledge on healthcare services is crucial to the quality of care provided, and health care professionals are expected to continuously stay updated on the changing trends. The IOM later released six aims for improvement, or also known as the six dimensions of quality, which are safe, effective, efficient, timely, patient-centered, and equitable.