Professor Jennifer Saul's Arguments Against Women In Philosophy

Women have been experiencing gender discrimination for years. Gender stereotypes for women are formed by unfair beliefs that all men and women are the same. This discrimination leads to certain effects such as how men expect women to do housework, take care of the children, and take on a passive role. Similar gender stereotypes are seen in “A Jury of Her Peers” by Susan Glaspell. In this short story, the murder of Mr. Wright was investigated by a group of men and women in Mr. Wright’s home. As the men search for evidence of a motive upstairs, the women stay downstairs and accidentally find the evidence needed to solve the murder. In Glaspell’s short story, “A Jury of Her Peers”, and in the article “Philosophical and Political Issues Surrounding Gender” it is made clear that gender stereotypes lead to gender discrimination. This discrimination causes men to assume women’s opinions are not as important as theirs and expect women to do all the house chores.

The extent and degree of information and detail written in this article about each represented author and their contributing works can ultimately be seen as one of the articles main strengths. However, although this article gives a vast amount of information on the women’s opinions and beliefs the article at times seems disassembled and erratic. The flow of the article is somewhat hard to follow, and without an increased measure of concentration, the ability of the reader to comprehend and decipher whom the author is speaking of can be lost. Also, with the extensive amounts of information and detail that each female author contributes to the argument, readers are bombarded with data to interpret and distinguish upon. With the author of the article not decisively choosing the strongest points of argument from each author, the information becomes overwhelming and possibly confusing at times.

Miller, Alice H. Eagly, and Marcia C. Linn, it measured gender-science stereotype, “” (2). which is defined as associations that connects science with men more than women. This is believed to come from a lack of representation of women in the relative field. The study notes that putting women in science related fields in media, or having more women in the field, lessons that stereotype. They conducted the experiment by measuring 66 nations, which consisted of 350,000 participants’ explicit and implicit gender-science stereotypes. They found a relationship “between women's representation in science and national gender-science stereotype” (Eagly, Linn, Miller 8). The results of the study concluded that “implicit and explicit measures indicated strong association of science with man” (Eagly, Linn, Miller

Jean Grimshaw argues the idea that the discipline of Philosophy is gendered in some way by making a distinction between misogyny and philosophically significant ‘maleness ‘of philosophical theories. The ‘maleness’ of philosophy is characterised by the fact that most of the practitioners of philosophy have been and are still male. Grimshaw argues that this fact alone does not establish the ‘maleness’ of philosophy but gives a sense of understanding. The second point Grimshaw argues is the way in which male philosophers devalue women and how women are believed to be inferior or held in contempt. Grimshaw

Young women are becoming increasingly aware of how they are being perceived by others and today it is ultra common for young women to hear about the negative sides of their gender. As young women grow older and start to consider possible career choices they also start to hear certain opinions on their choices and some even experience actual discrimination. “High-school girls who pursue an advanced interest in science and math (unless they are students at special institutions like the Bronx Highs School of Science where everyone is a brain) usually find that they are greatly outnumbered by boys in their classes. They are, therefore, intruding on male turf at a time when their sexual confidence, as well as that of the boys, is most fragile” (). In situations like these some young women may develop a fear of their male counterparts due to the ratio involved and others may also consider the stereotype that women are bad and math and that threat ultimately becomes a self fulfilling

Dr. Boucher has conducted many different researches, most of which are under the category of stereotype threat. Stereotype threat focuses on how stereotypes and prejudices on one’s group impacts them. She has looked at it many different ways: women in science and math fields as well as first-generation college students. This

Currently, this generation lies in a time of unprecedented growth and change. The last few decades have endured years of transformation thereby allowing for the evolution of the human mind. The evolution of the human mind and its thought process all lies within cultural beliefs; beliefs affect attitudes and attitudes invertedly affect behavior. These behaviors may implement a form of prejudice and discrimination upon a certain group of individuals. Perhaps the most concurred concept revolving around attitudes and behaviors rests upon gender roles. This flawed concept created by man himself has indoctrinated society to acquire a negative perception of women. Women carry a stigma that they are both unintelligent and are subordinate to their

Whereas in recent decades major strides toward gender equality have been made, sociologists are quick to point out that much remains to be done if inequalities in the United States are ever to be eliminated. Behind much of the inequalities seen in education, the workplace, and politics is sexism, or prejudice and discrimination because of gender. Fundamental to sexism is the assumption that men are superior to women.

As per research ‘gender’ provides a perspective from which one could examine the biases that exist in the larger society. Some believe that to arrive at a more eloquent understanding of the problems of women in science , one should begin by asking what is the nature of science space that leads to under-representation and marginalisation of women rather than questioning the situation of a woman’s life that makes it difficult for her to pursue science.

This concept illustrates gender inequality because even in a field that is dominated by women, gender perceptions about men’s roles, abilities, and skills, privilege them and ease their advancement within the occupation. (Wingfield, p363-365)

Women are obtaining more then half of the bachelor degrees earned in America but that has not limited the earning and abilities of the working class man. Phyllis Rosser’s, Too Many Women in College? (2005) is used to expose the still continuing gender issues in higher education. It exposes the issue that yes, there are more women then men in undergrad and master’s programs but men are still outnumbering women in doctoral programs as well as higher paying fields of study (engineering, computer science, business). Still regardless of education women will still face the income gap. Comparing Lee’s and Shaw’s conclusion to the study by Investing in Futures Public Higher Education in America, Women in Higher Education both sources have come to the conclusion that women make up over half of students enrolled in undergrad and their is an uneven representation of women in math and science based degree programs. Janet Lee’s and Susan M. Shaw’s, Women’s Voices Feminist Visions Classic and Contemporary Readings is an accredited and well developed source that highlights the development of women’s

The second premises is completely false, “for replacing male terms by female terms changes the meaning of the paradigm or demonstration. It is in this way that women are ‘ignored’ … i.e. oppressed, in the very activity of philosophy” (Finn 157). Women’s cameos in philosophy

“Speaking to you today, I speak for them, just as each of us speaks for women around the world who are denied the chance to go to school, or see a doctor, or own property, or have a say about the direction of their lives, simply because they are women”(Clinton 1). These words spoken by Hillary Rodham Clinton in her speech, “Women’s Rights are Human Rights,” on September 5, 1995. Hilary pressured the Chinese government and the world to address the problems women face everyday go unresolved because they are ignored. Her speech is one that is still relevant today and has affected the world by inspiring other countries to proclaim their opinions on women's rights. Hillary uses many cases of rhetorical devices that include, parallelism, ethos, pathos,

Sitting in my general biology class today, learning about amazing biological discoveries, my male teacher jokingly said “Did you know there are women in science?” then went on to joke about how these women who had just made an amazing biological discovery even had PhD’s. As he went on to talk about the amazing things these women did, he talked about the discovery like he had for the other ones made by men. If women can make biological discoveries like men can why are they looked at differently in their graduate fields of study. In this essay I will explore the gender issue in education through the lens of feminism by evidence shown in past decades and today. Education was primarily for men while women were not even allowed in some classrooms, while over time this has changed.

For example, Jahren states” she was a child probably around that same age, hanging around in her father’s lab (Lab Girl).” The kind of person she became, a scientist, clearly she learned a lot from those younger days. Gender bias should be brought to the classrooms as visual content. Visual content such as drawing, pictures, videos, etc. The reason being, Jahren dad was a professor, she was always hanging around where she discovered new scientific inquiry. At that young age, as for me I want to see everything as to how the particular object was made. Why or why not my dad chose this profession and also for him to teach me what he knows. According to the article, textbooks were there for visual learners. It contained graphics and learning utensils. The more you read the more intelligence you gain. Jahren reads, develops and generate her own new knowledge. In addition, nowadays everything changed from the old fashioned textbooks in class rooms to being online. Online resources are more engaged by the youths because everyone including three year olds can operate an electronic device without the need of help. The way men and women are represented is an important factor when influencing children views of gender roles. It is relevant to be aware of the representation of men and women in education resources because that’s the main source from where children get their ideas of science