Prognosis Of Down Syndrome

Children are our future; our future scientists, doctors, teachers, president and so much more. It is hard not to notice the number of young parents nowadays that have children. the average age range for mothers giving birth is 20-34. With the current up rise of babies being born to young mothers, I could not help but think about how age plays a factor into birth effects. Down syndrome is the most common single cause of human birth defects. The most common form of Down syndrome is known as trisomy 21, a genetic condition where individuals have 47 chromosomes in each cell instead of 46. Trisomy 21 is caused by an error in cell division called nondisjunction, which leaves a sperm or egg cell with an extra copy of chromosome 21 before or at conception.

Low muscle tone. Small stature. Upward Slant to the eyes. Single deep crease across the center of the palm. These are a few common physical traits of individuals with Down syndrome. However, every person with Down syndrome is unique and portrays each characteristic at a different degree. Individuals with Down syndrome have an extra chromosome 21. The additional genetic material alters childhood development and causes characteristics associated with the disease. Non-invasive prenatal tests, known as NIPT, analyze the amount of chromosome 21 in the mother’s blood at 10 weeks pregnant. This eugenical testing leads to the extermination of those with Down syndrome. Not only have the abortions rates increased since

I know a few people who all deal with different things in their lives. One thing that sticks out that I see a lot in real life and with movies is Down Syndrome. I know some people who deal with down syndrome on a daily base. I won't be naming anyone. With this paper I will go through the six theoretical models. I must say with writing this paper I will try to not say the person's name, but sometimes my typing gets ahead of me.

Genetic testing is a medical test that can find and identify changes in proteins, genes or chromosomes. Using a genetic test can confirm or deny a suspected genetic condition, as well as to help determine a person who is possible of carrying on a genetic condition.(NIH, 2016)

Achieving satisfactory oral health outcomes has long been a barrier for intellectually impaired patients with higher incidences of oral diseases (Al Habashneh, Al-Jundi, Khader, & Nofel, 2012). Sandra is a 12-year-old, down syndrome patient who presents to the AIH clinic for a dental examination. It is evident Sandra consumes high volumes of sugary foods and beverages. Additionally Sandra has poor homecare resulting in neglected oral health. To address Sandra's oral health it is important to provide a comprehensive treatment plan which respects her individual care needs. Doing so, involves extensive examinations, consideration of risk status and determination of appropriate treatment options.

Down syndrome “is one of the most common genetic conditions”, which is caused when there is a “sporadic mutation that results in an extra chromosome 21” (Hobson-Rohrer, Samson-Fang, 2013). Each person is born with 46 chromosomes, one set of 23 from each parent, but a person with down syndrome has a total of 47 chromosomes because they have an extra chromosome 21. “The extra chromosome disrupts the normal course of development and results in the physical features and intellectual and developmental disabilities associated with the syndrome” (Down Syndrome). “The extra 21st chromosome cause biochemical changes that redirect brain development” (McDevitt & Ormrod, 2013). Although Down Syndrome is one of the more common genetic conditions, the chance of a child being born with this disease is 1 in 691. This statistic decreases the older a woman is when she becomes pregnant. For women between the ages of 35-39 years’ old, the chance of having a child with Down syndrome is 1 in 270 (Hobson-Rohrer, Samson-Fang, 2013). This essay will discuss how Down syndrome affects children’s cognitive, physical, and social development as well as how research recommends accommodating a child with down syndrome in a classroom.

Down syndrome (known as Trisomy 21) is a genetic disorder caused when cell division results in extra genetic material from chromosome 21. This genetic disorder occurs in about 1 of 800 live births. Down syndrome was first characterized a separate form of mental disability by John Langdon Down in 1862. By the 20th century the disability had become the most recognizable form of mental disability. These individuals have gone through a lot. In ancient times, many infants with this disability were killed or abandoned. The people with Down syndrome used to be called Mongolian idiots and the syndrome was called mongolism. This comes from the people thinking that Down syndrome individuals resembled Mongolians. It doesn’t only affect the individual

of babies born with Down syndrome elevated by about 30 percent. The risk of a child having

Down Syndrome was discovered in 1866 by a British physician named John Langdon Down, which is where the name Down Syndrome came from. This genetic disorder was first referred to as Mongolism. The name Down Syndrome did not start being used until the early 1970s. In 1959, a French Pediatrician/Geneticist Professor Jerome Lejeune had discovered that people with this disorder have one extra chromosome. In the 1960s when children with Down Syndrome were born, they were put into institutions right after birth. Families were told that they would not be able to raise their child because of all of the extra attention they would need. Throughout the years, we have learned a lot more about this genetic disorder. ("National Association for Down Syndrome | History of NADS", 2016)

Down syndrome (DS) caused by trisomy 21 is the most common human aneuploidy and occurs approximately in 1 in 700 live births. Individuals diagnosed with DS display a wide range of clinical phenotypes including cognitive impairment, mental retardation, craniofacial abnormalities as well as increased risks for congenital heart defects, gastrointestinal tract abnormalities including Hirshsprung’s disease, with the presence or absence and severity of these features varying amongst the individuals. Proper formation of the craniofacial skeleton is important for the normal development of the brain, sensory organs and functioning of the digestive and respiratory tracts and is derived from neural crest cells.

Until the mid-twentieth century, Down Syndrome was considered a mysterious genetic condition that not many scientists or common people could understand or accurately describe. More specifically, members of the society realized that people with Down Syndrome were different — but they could not distinguish or diagnosticate the characteristics or the causes of the condition. Although that is true, scientists and doctors like Jérôme Lejeune, Jean-Étienne Dominique Esquirol, and Édouard Séguin had investigated and recognized certain indicative attributes of those with Down Syndrome. However, none of them composed a fully descriptive study that corresponded with the lives of a majority of Down Syndrome patients. In due time, (1866) British doctor John Langdon Down presented a comprehensive, widely acclaimed, and unrefuted portraiture of what Down Syndrome truly resembles.

Down syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects a person’s facial features and intelligence. Down syndrome is also commonly known as Down’s syndrome, Trisomy 21, Trisomy G, 47,XX,+21, or 47,XY,+21. In 1866, English physician John Langdon Down is known as the “father” of Down syndrome. He was given that title for his publication of an accurate description of a person with Down syndrome, hence the reason why the disorder was named after him; although, this disorder was known as “Mongolism” until the 1970s. More information was learned about Down syndrome in 1959 when French physician Jérôme Lejeune identified that the disorder was caused by a chromosomal error. Then in 2000, a team of scientists was able to classify roughly 329 genes on chromosome 21, opening the door to many more advancements in the world of research for Down syndrome.

Down syndrome is a congenital chromosomal disorder during maternal meiosis. This is one of the most common chromosomal disease that has been confirmed (Epstein, 2013). Down syndrome causes some symptoms in children’s physical and mental aspects, which have significant differences with other people. It may cause the life of the child is abnormal and cannot live independently in the future. With the increased population of children with Down syndrome in Australia, it becomes prominent that they strongly impact on their family and society in both positive and negative ways. This article will introduce some basic information about Down syndrome, discuss its early intervention and ethical issues of having a baby with Down syndrome, and result in coming up with views in regards to terminating or continuing with the pregnancy of a foetus diagnosed with Down syndrome.

Down syndrome is a congenital disorder arising from a chromosome defect, the chromosome causing the problems is Chromosome 21. This disorder affects about 1 in 700 births in the United States. Currently there are about 400,000 Americans that have Down syndrome, with approximately 6,000 babies are born with Down syndrome each year. The disorder forms during fertilization or soon after fertilization. Fertilization occurs when the sperm binds to zona pellucida, then the sperm undergoes acrosome reaction which will lyses a hole in zona pellucida, and then the sperm and egg membrane fuse. Once the membranes fuse, the sperms genetic material gets released and gets combined with the egg’s chromosomes, thus resulting in a 46 chromosome fertilized egg.

When you see a person with Down syndrome you are typically able to identify them easily by characteristics such as flat facial features, an upward slant to the eyes, or a single deep crease across the center of the palm. However, there is one thing that may be harder to guess in a person with Down syndrome, and that is their age. Individuals with this condition tend to age faster than an individual without the condition. The median age for an individual with Down syndrome is now 60 years compared to a previous 25 to 30 years; this could be from advancing health care and more community involvement (Family Caregiving of Aging Adults with Down Syndrome). With this increasing age it is important that research be done on improving lifestyle and care for the older adult with Down syndrome.