Programmed and Non Programmed Decision Making

Managers within organizations are faced with the challenges daily of making excellent decisions. In everyday life we are challenged in making sound decision, decision that will last for a life time. Folk often wonder after making a decision if it was the right choice, will it affect the people around me, was this a good choice for my family, and will the decision affect them. In order to be an effective manager you have to possess the skill of outstanding decision making skills. In order for one to be successful within their personal life they may also need to possess an understanding of effective decision making. The decision- making process should be one that makes a positive change. Can the decision making process work

Decision-making in the workforce is a process of responsibilities used by upper management to implement, enforce rules, regulations, and maintain a successful environment. Decision-making implemented more effectively by making a plan, thinking it through, accepting more than one opinion and determining what is best. However, decision-making often utilized more effectively by opening doors of opportunities for a suggestion, question, discussion, and feedback. Although, more involvement helps improve understanding, utilize behavior skills and present opportunities for better communication. Everyday life consists of decision-making, the right decision may not always be applied, but ensure room for improvement and opportunity. Individuals approached decision-making in many different ways. As stated by (Jones, Graham, & Bateman, 2006) decision making is a procedure used to recognize a problem, weigh the alternatives and evaluate a solution in which, certain situations will require different approaches to become effective.

If there is an effective process, even complex decisions can be made efficiently. Logical processes would lead to consistent and quality decision making. In order to make a decision, information has to be gathered. Plans should be made and past experiences should be considered. If past experiences show that the plan would not work, it is not good to go with that idea. When a plan is formulated after considering past experiences and with a strong sense that it would work this time, it would work. If it doesn’t work the plan is changed and a new one is formulated. Ideas and plans keep changing before a final decision is made.

Some decision that need to be made in a hurry, so I have no time to think carefully and do some researches, so I would turn my decision style to automated decision style.

Decision making is one of the most important aspects in life and work because of its strong link to success and effectiveness. Actually, successful people achieve their goals in life and work through effective and efficient decision making. The decision making process is usually guided by an individual’s beliefs, values, and attitudes as well concepts. While a person can use various concepts in making decisions, they should be very careful to select a concept that is effective and contributes to huge success. Nonetheless, these concepts exist to help an individual become a better decision maker in the world around him/her.

Decision-making is critical to a business helping mitigate risk and requires good judgment, considering social, humans, and ethical values before final decisions are made. Additionally, making good decisions enables organizations to identify and resolve problems, also providing organizations with the ability to identify and exploit opportunities.

Decision making in a casino environment can differ amongst each department and its specific tasks. For instance, the accounting department would be more of a programmed decision making process than that of the lower departments that work directly with the customers. These lower departments would be most beneficial in using a less programmed and more divergent thinking process.

There are several different types of systems like Customer Relationship Management (CRM), and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), which are being used by organizations to make decision processes. These systems have progressed tremendously in the last few years by making large amounts of information accessible using data marts and data warehouses (Wixom & Watson, 2001). The above mentioned systems and many more that are not mentioned above allow managers to analyse data depending on the business requirements, to make better informed decisions. These systems have made the decision-making processes easy to a certain point, when used properly. If this system are not used effectively, they can prevent optimization of the decision making process. Humans are the once who make decisions in any organisation/industry and not

Making a decision is one of the main activities of a leader. Wren and Voich (Wren and Voich, 1994) believe that decision making is mandatory for successful execution of any managerial function.

As a result of this decision environment it can be concluded that the decisions made in the start up of Spin Master were non-programmed decision types. A programmed decision uses a solution from a past experience to resolve a routine problem. A non-programmed decision uses a unique solution that is created for a new or unusual

Alan Joyce has been the CEO of Qantas since 2008. During this time he had to make many tough decisions. He shut down the airline in the industrial dispute, laid off many of Qantas employees, was involved in government negotiations and restructured the airline (Collins B, 2014). The CEO wasn’t face with the problem of selling Frequent Flyer program before therefore his decision would be a non-programmed one. Non-programmed decisions involve situations that are most important, new, complex, unstructured, and there is no proven correct answer to use to solve the problem (Rao S, 2010). When making a non-programmed decision, there are no rules to follow. There is a risk that will need to be taken make the decision. However Joyce knows the

As stated by Prasad (2008), the managers should identify the different choices available in order to get most acceptable outcome of a decision. From searching different alternatives the managers can evade blocks in operations as choices are suitable if a particular idea goes wrong. Khanka (2000) expresses the view that selections can developed from in many ways such as can get from sources like experience, do training other organizations, and take others ideas and suggestions related in problems. Furthermore to improve alternatives solution the managers may investigation the signs of a problem for clues or fall back on intuition or result that stated by Griffin and Moorhead (2010). For an example in marketing department a non-programmed decision is compulsory the manager have to produce alternatives for raise market share. As McShane and Von Glinow (2000) pointed out that in a programmed decision is a standard operations is not to generate choice but can take out from the documented that already saved. Next an organizer should search the mission of a decision. In other words they need to define what is to be accomplished by it (Quick & Nelson, 2013). The decision criteria are important as mentioned by Dubrin (2002). The several criteria are consumers must aware of varies in quality of products, there not happen inflation, workers must consider the quality of improvements and lastly job satisfaction should not be reduce.

In contrast, the Non- Programmed decisions which are type of decisions which are non-routine and deployed to resolve non-routine problems, they are relevant in solving unique and unusual problems that arises, of which the alternatives cannot be decided in advance. Non-Programmed decisions are usually of high importance and significance with long-term consequences on organizations, such decisions are decided at the top management level.

Discovery Communication’s decision to open an on-site childcare facility for its employees is an example of a non-programmed decision for the following reasons. First, the company had to identify numerous factors before committing to a decision. Second, the company had to obtain information from its employees, and last, it had to think consciously. In compliance with the text, the aforementioned explanations coincide with the definition of a non-programmed decision, which states: “Unique, nonroutine, and important. These decisions require conscious thinking, information gathering, and careful consideration of alternatives.” In addition to opening an onsite childcare center, Discovery Communications could also accommodate working parents

Simon presented the bounded rationality as a result of human and organization constraints. He sees that the managers would not achieve the requirements of rational behavior. He observed that different types of decisions can be processed in different ways, namely: programmed decisions and non-programmed decisions. The programmed decisions category included decisions that occur frequently. Managers are used to these types of decisions and they already have developed some kind of protocols and procedures for making them. These decisions usually are left for the lower posts in the organizational hierarchy.