Project on Dtmf Based Home Automation

A field programmable gate array (FPGA) is a semiconductor device that can be designed by the designer or the customer after manufacturing, hence it is known as “field programmable”. Field Programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are truly innovatory devices that combine the benefits of both hardware and software. FPGAs are programmed with the logic circuit diagram or the source code in Hardware Description Language (HDL) to determine how the chip will work. They may be used to perform any logical function that an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) might perform but the capacity to update the functionality after shipping provides advantages for many applications. FPGAs contain programmable logic components also called “logic blocks”, and a hierarchy of reconfigurable interconnects that permit the blocks to be “wired together” like a 1 chip programmable breadboard. Logic blocks can be designed to implement complex combinational functions or simply logic gates like AND and OR. In most FPGAs, the logic block also consists of memory elements, which can be simple flip flops or complete blocks of memory. They perform circuits just like hardware performing huge area, power and performance advantages over software, still can be programmed again economically

The system memories requirement depends greatly on the nature of the applications which run on the system. Memory performance and capacity requirements are small for simple, low cost systems. In contrast, memory throughput can be the most critical requirement in complex, high performance systems. The following general types of memories can be used in systems such as Volatile and non-volatile memories. SRAM can be found in the cache memory of a computer or as a part of the RAM digital to analog converters on video cards. Static RAM is also used for high-speed registers, caches and small memory banks like a frame buffer on a display adapter. Several scientific and industrial subsystems, modern appliances, automotive electronics, electronic toys, mobile phones, synthesizers and digital cameras also use SRAM. It is also highly recommended for use in PCs, peripheral equipment, printers, LCD screens, hard disk buffers etc. Different transistor counts in used in SRAM architecture such as Bipolar junction transistors used in TTL and ECL which is very fast but consumes a lot of power and MOSFET used in CMOS which is used at low power and also very common today. This paper proposed to improve the stability of SRAM cell and also reduces

To a great extent a computer is defined by the power of its microprocessor. Chips with advanced processing speed and more recent design offer the greatest performance and access to new technologies. New microprocessors made for PCs are made by Intel or by companies that clone Intel chips, such as Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) and Cyrix.

To program operator's personal ID cards we developed a simple programming device. The programmer is interfaced to a PC using serial and PS/2 (power source) ports. Inside, there is Atmel 89C2051 microcontroller, which handles UART transmission and I2C EEPROM (ID card) programming.

Abstract—As Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) and Flash Nonvolatile Memory (NVM) innovations are entering their fourth decade of proceeding with development and advance; challenges in scaling these separate gadgets have surfaced both in handling and scaling. Although research has overcome the patterning issues, there are cost and electrical limitations faced by both DRAM and NAND. In this paper, we have studied the Feasibility of Embedded DRAM Cells, Embedded DRAM Technology for High-Performance DRAM and NAND flash memory and Challenges and Opportunities that are faced for Research in Emerging Memory Devices.

The ATMEL, ATMEGA328 is a is a low-power CMOS 8-bit microcontroller based on the AVR enhanced architecture. By executing powerful instructions in a single clock cycle, the ATmega328 achieves throughputs close to 1MIPS per MHz. This empowers system designer to optimize the device for power consumption versus processing speed.

the memory chip is also called the µfirmware¶. The embedded system architecture can be represented

Home automation technology ensure availability of products which are unique, therefore it will attract attention of many people who like

As a group of five students doing Electrical & Electronic Engineering, a project had to be thought of which was specific to the degree that was being studied. After much deliberation, the idea of a home automation system was agreed upon by the course leader Dr John Barker. After consulting with the course leader, it was learnt that the group had to complete one function within the household each as by doing this, a sufficient amount of work could be done over the course of the year.

Non Volatile Memory – NON It doesn’t lose its content VOLATILE when power (ROM) is removed from the computer.

Utility based automation system is a scalable system that works independently based on automated sensor inputs. Upon completion, it will be able to detect movement, temperature, luminosity etc. and respond with corresponding output. The proposed system comprises of two main parts: first, the web app, which can be used to control the hardware components such as the movement of the doors and windows, the intensity of lights, control AC temperature, etc. Through this, the users can locally or remotely control the security of their house and various other utilities. Second part is the hardware interface module, which provides the appropriate interface to actuators and sensors of the automation system. Opposed to many other home automation systems available, this system is scalable in the way that many hardware interface modules can be added and controlled using the web app. System will be able to support wide range of necessary residential facilities such as security and power management.

The AT89C51 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 4 Kbytes of Flash Programmable and Erasable Read Only Memory (PEROM). The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry standard MCS-51 instruction set and pin out. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89C51 is a powerful microcomputer which provides a highly flexible and cost effective solution to many embedded control applications.

addition to a fixed amount of RAM, ROM, I/O ports and a timer embedded all on a single chip. The microcontroller

MICROCONTROLLER - AT89C51: The AT89C51 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 4 Kbytes of Flash Programmable and Erasable Read Only Memory (PEROM). The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high density non-volatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry standard MCS-51 instruction set and pin out. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional non-volatile memory programmer.

At89s52 provide the standard features of like 8k byte memory of flash 256bytes of RAM 32 I/O pins for hardware interfacing and other useful tasks it has a full duplex serial port also it has a on chip oscillator and clock circuitry.