1.1 INTRODUCTION:
The human ear can hear the sound waves between 20 Hz to 20 kHz. This frequency range is known as “Audio Frequency Range”. The sound waves having frequencies above this audible range is known as “Ultrasonic Waves” or “Supersonic Waves”. Supersonic waves have the velocities higher than the velocity of sound i.e. more than 1200 km / hour. Ultrasonic waves can not be heard by a human being but a cat or dog may hear them. The wavelengths of ultrasonic waves are very small as compared to audible sound. The sound waves which have frequencies less than 20 Hz range are called “Infrasonic waves”
1.2 Production of Ultrasonic Wave:
The generator of ultrasonic wave is nothing but an oscillator, which can
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This potential difference is because opposite charges are developed across these faces. Now instead of pressure, if tension is applied the potential difference developed is proportional to the pressure or tension applied. This phenomenon is called as piezoelectric effect.
The converse is also true. Hence, if potential difference is applied across two opposite faces of the quartz crystals then other two faces undergo compression & extension in its dimensions. This change in dimension is found to be proportional to potential difference applied across opposite faces.
If alternating potential is applied across two opposite faces of the quartz crystal, then crystal contracts or expands alternately. It is the converse piezoelectric effect which is used in generating ultrasonic waves.
*Quartz Crystal*
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A single crystal of quartz is a uniaxial hexagonal prism bounded by two six sided pyramids at two ends as shown in fig 1.3. (a). The ‘zz’ joining two opposite vertices of the pyramids is its principle axis or optical axis. The hexagonal cross-section of a quartz crystal obtained by taking a plane perpendicular to the optic axis as shown in fig.1.3 (b). The x1ox1, x2ox2 and x3ox3 passing through the corners of the hexagon are brown as electric axis, while the axis y1oy1, y2oy2 and y3oy3 are normal to the faces of the crystal are known as mechanical axis. When mechanical force is applied to a quartz specimen in
I want to be part of the Ultrasound program because I realized that where I’m from people don’t consider going into a major like this. I was raised to become a doctor or a nurse it was either of those or your family will be disappointed. I looked at how many doctors and nurses my community has but rarely any ultrasound technicians. I also like to travel to different parts of the world and I would love to have those skills as a ultrasound technician to help those women who are unable to afford to go to a clinic to see if their baby is in good condition. A woman should never have to choose between making a decision about losing her kid, I want to be able to help those women that are struggling daily whether their baby has a health condition or even letting the parents know their baby gender.
Quartz is the most abundant single mineral on earth. It makes up about 12% of the earth's crust, occurring in a wide variety of igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks.Quartz varieties are commonly separated into two groups based on the size of the individual grains or crystals. Macrocrystalline quartz in which individual crystals are distinguishable with the naked eye, and cryptocrystalline quartz in which the individual crystals are too small to be easily distinguishable under the light microscope. Some of the verities of the Macrocrystalline quartz are
An ultrasound is also referred to as a sonogram. It uses a high frequency sound waves to create images of the inside of the body.
The sound waves are produced by a random oscillating crystal, and are inaudible to humans. A instrument called a
Ultrasonic sensors emit short, high-frequency sound pulses at regular intervals. These propagate in the air at the velocity of sound. If they strike an object, then they are reflected back as echo signals to the sensor, which itself computes the distance to the target based on the time-span between emitting the signal and receiving the echo.
Ever since I had been a little girl, I have had a love for people and caring for them. I like to study them to figure out how and what they are feeling. If something is wrong, I enjoy problem solving to find ways to fix the situation or at least make the person feel better. I am also fond of watching people develop and grow, which is why when I bumped into ultrasound sonography, I fell in love.
Sound is apart of our everyday lives. Regardless of if it's the sound of a leaking water faucet, the tapping of a pencil or even the whistling of wind, we’re surrounded by the physics of sound at all times. Sound waves come in various
Substances such as inorganic salts and minerals, semiconductors, and organic and biological compounds can form crystals under suitable and specific conditions. The method is beneficial in determining the structure of molecules, allowing researchers to characterize and understand their behavior and function. This method of structure determination has provided the most reliable evidence scientists have about the way molecules are shaped and what their bonds angles and lengths are. This also can be useful in education, since we can have more of an understanding as chemistry student or even future, nurses or
Pregnancy is a very exciting time. The photos, the food, and the announcements are enough to make anyone squeal with joy. One of the most exciting times during your pregnancy is learning the gender of your baby. An ultrasound during your second trimester can reveal whether you are having a boy or girl, which will allow you to continue shopping and planning. If you are going in to have an ultrasound soon to determine the gender of your baby, use these four tips to help the ultrasound technician get a good view of your baby:
Gill, R., 2012. The physics and technology of diagnostic ultrasound: a practitioner's guide. Abbotsford, N.S.W.: High Frequency Publishing.
Have you ever looked out your window? Sitting in class bored looking out the window. In those windows there is quartz. We look out a window everyday of our lives. Have you ever been to a beach? In the sand you walk on there is tiny pieces of quartz. There is also pieces of feldspar. If you wear a watch there is quartz in that watch. The quartzs help regulate time.
Minerals are naturally occurring, inorganic, solid, crystalline substances which have a fixed structure and chemical composition. Minerals are an important part of Geology, especially when studying Crystal and mineral growth. Understanding how crystals grow and the difference between slow and fast cooling rates is also important in Geology. Knowing the difference between cooling rates is important because cooling rate changes the texture of rocks and minerals. The purpose for the Crystal Growth experiment is to identify which Solubility and temperature produces larger crystals, and to simulate natural crystal growth. We will achieve the results we desire by conducting the experiment thoroughly and correctly, as well as correctly
Ultrasound, i.e. sound waves of frequency higher than 15-20 kHz, can cause inactivation of cell; besides ultrasound at
What is a sound wave? A sound wave is produced by a mechanical vibration, such as a tuning fork. The vibrating object causes the surrounding medium, such as air, to vibrate as well.The wave travels through the medium to a detector, like your ear, and it is heard.As with any type of wave, a sound wave is also described by it's wavelength, amplitude, period, and frequency.
Ultrasound or ultrasonography is a medical imaging technique that uses high frequency sound waves. It is a high pitch frequency that cannot be heard by the human ear. In ultra sound the following happens: High frequency sound pulses (1-5megahertz) are transmitted from the ultrasound machine into your body using a probe. The sound wave will travel into your body until it hits an object such as soft tissue and bone. When the sound wave hits these objects some of the wave will be reflected back to the probe. While some waves may carry on further till they hit another object and then reflected back. The probe picks up these reflected sound waves and relays them to the machine. The distance and time from the probe,