Project on Ultrasound

(2) The type of sound wave used for this experiment was longitudinal waves in which the vibration occurs along the direction of propagation

The sound waves are produced by a random oscillating crystal, and are inaudible to humans. A instrument called a

The sounds of this creature was described as “A crunching, a crackling, a crushing , heavy thumping” and

The purpose of this experiment is to measure the speed of sound in air and to determine the effects of frequency on the speed of sound.

Sound waves are nothing more than an energy transfer through a medium be it through a liquid, solid, or a gas. Sound pressure or intensity is measured on logarithmic scale in decibels dB which increases on an order of magnitude. For instance a quiet conversation would be around 30 dB and whereas the human pain threshold would be just over 100 dB. While the pitch or frequency of the sound is measured in hertz or Hz, the higher the hertz the higher the pitch of the sound and vice versa (Hildebrand, 2004).

The tonal shifts allow animals such as Orcinus orca, to distinguish between a sonar, (from an active boat), oceanic sounds, to other species.

The Collins Class submarine was prone to excessive noise signatures whilst travelling at speed and lacked the operational capability to enter conflict situations due to the

As newer research began during the 1900s, the sonar started to make changes and new developments. Active sonar, provides pulses of sounds and listening for echoes. Gives warning if an object is in the path and returns an “echo” to the sonar transducer. The transducer can determine the range and orientation of the object. Passive sonar systems are used primarily to detect noise from marine objects (such as submarines or ships). Unlike active sonar, passive sonar does not emit its own signal, which is an advantage for military vessels that do not want to be found or for scientific missions that concentrate on quietly “listening” to the ocean. The purpose for both sonar’s is to detect the acoustic signals emanating from external

This podcast starts out with the producer talking about how tiny shrimp make extremely loud noises and how they helped win WWII. She, along with a few scientists, tell about the science behind the loud noise, and how it’s formed. They tell about how fast the bubble (which generated the noise) is, how it makes the noise, and how hot it gets (5,000 degrees Fahrenheit).

Bottlenose dolphins produce a extensive variety sounds that are divided into two categories: pulsed emissions, i.e. echolocation clicks and burst-pulsed sounds; and non-pulsed signals, i.e. whistles (Caldwell et al., 1990; Janik, 2013) (Figure 1:2).

It is often overlooked that the Baillie sounder worked as a system with other instruments. In addition to the sounder, several thermometers, a water collection bottle and a pressure gauge were often attached to the hemp sounding line. In this manner, the Baillie sounder worked in concert with several other instruments collecting information about the ocean floor.

The talk begins with three basic principles of sound. Geophony, as Krause explains, is the non-biological sounds in the environment which could include wind, water, or trees. Biophony, which is a little different are the sounds produced by organisms in a particular environment. Humans are not categorized in this category, however, this category could include the vocalizations of frogs, the

This includes a range of echolocation clicks in the dolphin sonar system used to identify objects underwater.

The water will ripple according the volume and the strength of the sound waves. The louder the sound wave is the bigger the waves in the water will

Galton’s whistle has been featured in his book, the Inquiries into Human Faculty and its Development where he pointed out experiments that can test the range of frequencies heard by different animals.