Projection Method Description Strengths Weaknesses

The industrial revolution began in the 17th century and made significant change in the world. An era was over and the new one was beginning. The revolution has advantages and disadvantages. Rising of living standards, improving of health, lifetime and trade system are its advantages. On the other hand, manufacturing has caused major problems such as deforestation, excessive use of fossil fuel sources, irresponsible industrialisation and agricultural development. These changes have increased world’s atmospheric concentration of water vapour, CO2, CH4 and other gases (Stocker, 2013). These gases capture part of energy receiving from sun and trap this heat inside atmosphere that causes rising temperatures on the earth’s surface. Naturally, for continuation of life these gases are necessary, but result of the human events these gases has produced more than plants and environment need (Robins, 2016). Also, we call them Green Houses Gases because they have the similar effect like the ‘greenhouses’ utilised to increase condition of vegetables.

The intention of this assessment is to reach at the of adapted action to accompany about the adapted behavior change.

• Changes in climate have affected the growth of crops. Particularly climate change has increased the amount precipitation fall in North Dakota.

The practice of Drought Tolerant Maize showed excellent consequences under reduced rainfall and warm climate. Moreover, climate information and early warning system were applied in sub-Saharan Africa. They aimed to provide evidences of risk of significant changes in climate ahead and to tack action that can decrease possible risks. In contrast, because of insufficient and incomplete understanding of the impact of climate change on the agriculture, Australia introduced climate change adaptations, which covers obtaining knowledge about how the communities confront the climate change in the

Today’s world is facing many challenges given the growing concerns and current repercussions of environmental climate change and demands of a growing global population. Not only is climate change effecting the worlds ecosystems, human health and fresh water resources, it is drastically effecting the worlds agriculture. Unpredictable weather such, as rising temperatures, colder temperatures, excessive flooding, and droughts are just a few of the increasing weather instabilities, which are challenging and threatening today’s agriculture growth and production. As such, crop yields continue to decline and present a risk to future food security. As a world, we are facing an adaptation deficit leaving us very vulnerable and thus, we must seek to

The dictionary defines adapt as make fit or suitable; most people define adaptation as a process dictated by one's surroundings. In Antarctica, the Inuit people adapted to use whale blubber as insulation and food. People often adapt to new situations out of necessity. Some people do it because of their environment, government, or social situation.

2. Climate has a considerable impact on agricultural production. However, along with climate change, extreme weather tends to be more frequent and more intense that destructively affects framing. To diminish the effects of climate change, farmers in Australia take climate change adaptations; while in sub-Saharan Africa, climate information and early warning system are used, and farmers diversify their livelihoods and cropping practices that are less sensitive to climate.

National Academy of Sciences and The Royal Society, Climate Changes: Evidence and Causes 1. What are greenhouse gases? Green house gases are gases that cause Earth’s atmosphere to increasingly get warmer as human activity continues to increase due to our reliance on living an industrial lifestyle (National Academy of Sciences and the Royal Society n.d). With human contribution, such as the constant burning of fossil fuels our society needs to survive, forces our atmosphere to absorb additional gases and heat creating a warmer climate (National Academy of

Due to its biennual life cycle Brassica oleracea is exposed to seasonal changes in temperature that could limit its production. Brassica oleracea are the family of vegetables such as, cabbage, kale, cauliflower, etc. The most predominant types kale and cabbage were the ones used to conduct the experiment. Temperature variations are one of the principal factors that drive plant phenology. In agriculture some stresses can be minimized by using irrigation and fertilization. While others, however, are difficult to overcome due to fluctuations in air temperature. Seasonal changes in temperature limit geographical distribution and productivity of many important crops. The part of plants that are reactive to climate change are the plasma membrane

1- most of these stations are unevenly spatially distributed and not enough to extract regional and long-term records of climatic parameters. Rainfall measurements by gages are a good example for the heterogeneity of assessment in space and time (El Kenawy and McCabe 2015); 2- some stations are restricted by topographic influences, nonetheless, their data are used to comprise the climate of the entire region including its plateaus and depressions, which gives biased results. For example, Hereher (2010) found that wind data obtained from meteorological stations in some depressions within the Western Desert of Egypt do not accurately reflect the general wind conditions in the mainland of the desert and there is differences between the main sand drift calculated in these depressions and those extracted from satellite images for the upland desert; and 3- meteorological stations are generally settled in or around cities and, hence, temperature data may be under the influence of the urban heat island (UHI) effect that rises the urban temperature more than surrounding environment. Li et al. (2004) observed that the average surface air temperatures in China were considerably affected for about 50 years due to the UHI. In such cases, it is not possible to point out the

Monsoon season has led to changes in temperature worldwide. As an example, the seasonal temperature anomalies from June–July–August (Northern Hemisphere summer, Southern Hemisphere winter). The surface temperature anomalies relative to the base period from 1951 to 1980 are shown in Figure 1 for mid-decade years of the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s, and for the past six years. Most regions in recent years are warmer than during 1951 to 1980. However, some areas are cooler than the 1051 to 1980 mean occur every year. For example, the United States was unusually cool in the summer of 2009. Research shows that global warming since 1951 to 1980 is about 0.5-0.6⁰C (about 1⁰F). Even though this seems small compared to weather fluctuations. This level of

You probably don't think about weather most of the time right? this, expanding the areas in which certain crops could be grown or moving their ranges north. For example, less frequent freezes could allow citrus to move north from its current range in Florida to other areas of the Southeast. In areas where crops are being grown in their warmest productive temperature ranges already, heat stress or increased disease could reduce yields. However, research on new crop varieties and technological advances could improve yields in spite of reductions due to temperature increases. Do you depend on weather for things? I know i do. I use weather to depend on if i go outside, ride horses, or play in the backyard… Even if you don't notice you do use weather. Well farmers do too. Say a farmer has 10 sheep, 5 pigs, and 12 chickens… he would use the time of year to know how much to feed the animals. Right? Yeah... its right. They use weather for all sorts of things. when it gets cold they have to make sure the animals have the things they need. I would know i have animals myself... Farmers also use the time of year... summer its hot, winter its cold,fall is just wormish, and spring is just right or just

1)  Define a food system and explain how global climate change may affect food systems. How much more food is predicted to be needed by the year 2050? (7.1.1., pg 490) All of the necessary goods from processes and infrastructure for a population to have food security. This includes all of

Overall, the sheltered temperatures were overall warmer between 11/4 and 11/10 showing an increase in the rate of temperature decrease relative to the ambient temperatures. However, the rate of temperature decline across the sample period did not vary significantly between the two climates (p = 0.37).

Estimating future emissions is difficult, because it depends on demographic, economic, technological, policy, and institutional developments. Several emissions scenarios have been developed based on differing projections of these underlying factors. For example, by 2100, in the absence of emissions control policies, carbon dioxide concentrations are projected to be