Prologue To An Aristotelian End Of History

As part of this paper’s inquiry, insight will be drawn into the inner workings and uses of culture, and so it is necessary to provide a clear definition for the term as well. William H. Sewell Jr. does not constraint culture to a specific kind of practice or an action that takes place within a specific social setting, but defines it as a dialectic of system and practice, as a dimension of social life autonomous from other such dimensions both in its logic and in its spatial configuration, and as a system of symbols possessing a real but thin coherence that is continually put at risk in practice and therefore subject to transformation” (47). Such a definition fits well within the contexts and boundaries that this paper seeks to explore.

trange; that was the only word to describe it. Aristotle’s eyes widened as he quickly leaped off his bike, making his way towards the abnormality. The peculiar flower caught his interest; he had never seen anything like it. He wandered off into this field not too far from his house, on a quest for flowers. However, this was not what he expected. This flower was such a beauty, it did not belong on Earth. Excitement flickered in his eyes. Aristotle was still in the early stages of becoming a botanist, but he knew almost too much about plants. A gleeful laugh escaped his lips, and he wasted no time in uprooting the flower from its spot. His hands shook with delight as he placed the flower in the basket of his bike, that previously occupied the ground. His legs burned when he raced home, his smile shined brightly in the afternoon sunlight.

Fukuyama asserted that the end of history had arrived. He acknowledged that the world has not yet reached the point at which other ideologies are nonexistent or governments and philosophers are unneeded. He explains that the end of history is not defined by this end result, but by the point at which it can be recognized that one ideology had essentially won out. This did not have to be in a very material sense. Liberalism, though there was still opposition, appeared to Fukuyama to have the ‘true’ principles that could not be enhanced. The political and ideological climate appeared to support the idea that more and more people were coming to accept that. The world seemed to be on its way to peace. Fukuyama was sure in his argument and even expressed his condolences for the loss of history, a time at which action truly mattered because it had the ability to change the world and bring new and interesting “art and philosophy” that there would be no use, place, or need for in a post-historical era.

By establishing his credibility, referencing historical events and appealing to ethics and emotion, Berry is successful in writing an eye-catching and informative argument in order to broaden the perspective of his readers. His audience is now aware of their impact on the world, how it is up to them to change and the downfall of their meanings of idealism after reading Berry’s two-part essay. He effectively emphasizes these issues and could not be more accurate in his findings of how society

The relationship of the “historical consciousness” of man and its part in his freedom, is a philosophical ideology discussed by many philosophers. Whether by means of Spirit, Geist, reason, individualism, or other ideas, philosophers have theorized the correlation between history and it unfolding into eventual true freedom. Three such philosophic minds are that of G.W.F. (Georg Wilhelm Friedrich) Hegel, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Friedrich Nietzsche. Although each of the philosopher’s ideas on the role history plays in several ways, they all believe that its end result is significant in the eventual possibility of political freedom: Hegel discusses the methods of history and the Spirit within it, while Emerson believes in a more universal or individualistic mind and Nietzsche being less historical has more unhistorical or in-the-now mentality.

Culture and Ethics" - this problem has become in our time more urgent, for the development of civilization in the XX century has come to such a milestone. When deprived of the ethical culture of the beginning of the bourgeois society more threatens the well-being and existence of man on earth. It should be full assess the extent of the danger posed to the future of mankind so called "mass culture" of bourgeois society, with no solid the moral foundations of impregnated ideas of violence, robbery, sex and cult continuous and long-term corrupt many human dignity generations. On the other hand, in the moral development of mankind is made a step of the greatest importance: lost faith in capitalism humanity turns away from the ethics of individualism, degenerate into a cult of selfishness and greed, and draws their attention to the ethics of collectivism, born in new time the proletariat and the development of socialism. Culture and ethical implications are intermingle together.

As previously stated, Fukuyama’s article portrays the notion of the termination of man’s history as it is known due to Western liberal democracy’s rise as the ultimate and unchallenged form of government across the

The capacity of culture to ensure the success of a society comes from its capacity to maintain the same meaning for symbols, language, values, norms, and roles. Through symbols, members of the same culture recognize each other. Through language, members of the same society can communicate effectively because they appropriate standard meanings to symbols. Through values, members of a culture are able to define what is desirable and what is undesirable, hence directing not just actions, but also points of views. However, it is through norms, that members of society gain a sense of security and trust in their personal interactions.

Francis Fukuyama, another political scientist, reflected that human nature strives for supremacy and recognition, which eventually leads to conflicts between different governances. Francis Fukuyama, the author of the book, “The End of History”, considered that humans tend to move their lives towards an end point; which in post-Cold War scenario was to eliminate communism and assert liberal democracy as the universal model of governance. After the Cold War, communism had been overcome by democracy and hence, according to him, the history had come to an end. He also believes that China has an efficient authoritarian centralized system with no constraint or checks and balances. This system can outperform democracy in the short run because decisions can be made quickly hence better for investment and growth. However, the US and Western Europe have lots of checks and balances hence, decisions on impending plans cannot be made immediately. The question now is which system is more sustainable going forward? He thinks that checks and balances and democracy is superior in the long run because you need to have good leadership and the right leaders for a liberal system to be implemented properly. After all, he believed that the only form of government across the globe will eventually be liberal democracy. I consider Fukuyama’s deduction that we have reached the “End of History” as premature at this point in history. Former British Prime-Minister, Margaret Thatcher, stated: “End of history? Beginning of nonsense.” After 1990, since the end of Cold War, there have been several wars and genocides, 9/11 attacks, the emergence of ISIS; all disproving Fukuyama’s

Today we are living in a world where development has taken such leaps that we cannot imagine how life looked like in the simpler times. Humans have made immense progress in diverse fields. Whether we discuss science, technology, arts, business, or trade, evidence of progression is available in all fields. Nevertheless, we would never understand what happened in the past without one integral area, History. Inventions and discoveries have made our lives simpler, but at the end of the day who are these inventions made for? As a content area, History is an immense and wholesome subject. It encompasses several other areas such as culture, people, ancient developments, anthropology, art, and of course battles and wars. Human history has seen

Author and historian John W. Bohnstedt pondered at this question, frightening him during the 1970s twenty years later after becoming a graduate in History (63). He discusses the genuine interest humanity exhibits on this subject and the privilege the present generation can fulfill these teachings to anyone (an emphasis also highlights “anyone” because any being holds the privilege to learn) (64). Insisting the question to be “complex” to answer briefly, he concludes because history relates to humanity it provides answers to “social problems” and a comprehension to its process by the ages (64). Bohnstedt is correct; the interest to history is a universal inclination among humanity. However, history has its distinctive chapters based on its circumstances and at times it has its answers to the present generation. Theologian, author and historian C.S. Lewis depicts an explicit explanation to history and its cruel repetition, “That is the key to history…excellent institutions [and society created]; but each time something goes wrong… [the nature of man’s flaws comes into play and] always brings the selfish and cruel people to the top… [sliding everything] back into misery and ruin” (Lewis 30). Ancient and modern wars seem to have this in

Barry (2011) claim that the outer layer of the onion represents what most individuals may associate with culture. In this regard the essay finds that most individual visualise culture as language, behaviour, food and clothes. On the other hand the middle layer of the onion refers explicitly to the values and norm held by the community. Miller (2012) suggest that norms is mostly considered as that which is perceived as right and wrong and values are also referred to that which is good and bad. Pertaining to the above indication it is possible to suggest norms concern the external factors and are enforced by social controls. Alternatively values are internal when compared with norm. Barry (2011) claims that values and norms are important part of culture as they regulate and also provide a structure for the way individuals behave in society. Finally the inner section of the onion is concerned with understand how culture actually works. The core of culture according this perception comprises of a series of rule and methods designed to address the different problem facing individuals.

History has its unique way to express the historical evidence, as something very important and interesting. From very routes of human existence people had two basic relationship: leader and follower, what they thought would help them to create better society; or people just followed a strong leader and gave their responsibilities to the person who could create a place where they can live and prosper. But unfortunately this basic institution of leaders and followers brought not only good but also the bad. What humanity knows and achieved by now is because of efforts, thinking, beliefs, ideas, inventions and even mistakes of peoples of the past. Interestingly enough, people could not look forward without knowing the

According to definition, History is a narrative of events in the order in which they happened with their causes and effects, a record of past events. Throughout history many events have further evolved the human race, providing different ideas, policies, political laws and ways, and even scientific advances that further pushed the boundaries of human life to where they are today. The future is very much affected by the past and this is clearly present throughout the later Middle Ages all the way to the 18th century. The achievements of this time period in religion, exploration, science, culture, and arts are some of the most important achievements throughout history.

The word 'society' has been divided into separate nations where people from many parts of the world follow different values and morals. In our society today, many of us are accustomed to the modern lifestyle of living. Although this may be a given, due to the fact that we have grown and adapted from the classical ways of living from the past centuries, traditional forms still exist. Tradition and modernity are types of ideologies that can be distinguished and told apart from various aspects that they hold. Modernity goes beyond the expansion of technological advancement and is rather the way in which our culture has shifted. Over tradition, modernity holds the key to social change and development within the world whilst promoting progress for growth. In order to grasp the understanding and analyze from each of the opposing societies, we must draw upon the concept of ideology.