Propellants : Propellants And Propellants

Ratios of the reactants that are not the stoichiometric ratio provided by the balanced equation leave behind excess reactants. The stoichiometric ratios provided by the balanced equation prevent the formation of limiting and excess reactants for the exact amounts required are present and the reaction can be completed, yielding the most possible product and thus proving most effective. This combustion reaction is used to produce the explosive energy of the space shuttle and serve as a source of continuous energy for fuel cells in electric vehicles. In this lab, the same reaction was used to launch micro rockets off a launch pad to simulate the way explosive energy is generated to launch space shuttles. Fuel cells are electrochemical devices that make use of hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity as well as water and heat as byproducts.

When the Germans showed the world that reaching the stars was not a far-fetched idea, it was possible to do an unbelievable feat of science and engineering. Although the German rocket project was terminated, they had started the basis of modern day rocketry. The dream was growing to enormous proportions. Various nations were interested in this technology, especially the U.S.S.R. and later the United States of America (Snedden 9).

Solid-fuel rockets use gun powder and other chemicals to propel them forward, though they are very easy to store, once started they cannot be stopped until the entirety of its fuel is used up. The Chinese were the first to use these types of rockets as bombs in wars and battles. Liquid-fuel rockets use supplements such as gas to propel and thrust them forward. The Ion-rocket, which is mainly used in deep space, propels a jet of xenon ions whose negative electrons have been stripped by the rocket's electron gun, and uses solar cells to provide thrust. This is the most efficient way to propel rockets in space as it does not use gas, but solar energy as its fuel. Finally, there is the Plasma-rocket, which is the most complex way to propel a rocket. This rocket works by accelerating plasma produced by stripping negative electrons from hydrogen atoms inside a magnetic field and expelling them out the engine. This new rocket dramatically decreases the time it takes to get places in space because everything is so far from each other (What Are the Different Kinds of

In 1859, the first oil well was dug, however, the gasoline had no use until the invention of the automobile (EIA, 2014). Nowadays, gasoline is classified as a refinery product and is produced as three types: Unleaded Regular, Premium and Super-Premium (Gary, J. et al, 2007). The first one is most common between automobiles, it is a byproduct of crude oil with an 87 octane rating and a highly flammable material. It is also environmentally-friendly and has less hazardous to health due to no lead compounds. Premium Gasoline is less polluted due to its detergent additives that make engines cleaner. It shares similar characteristics

Ever since the development of the first few examples of rocket power, it was evident that this was technology that was going to change the face of the world forever. Since missiles and other weaponry were now able to be launched across continents and even oceans, it made the world feel a whole lot smaller. In turn, this was the technology that “had its ultimate foundation in the simple power rocket which originated as a weapon of war” . However, this technology underwent an extreme transformation over time and was eventually the basis of the technology used to put spacecrafts up in space. One of the main rockets that is going to be discussed in this paper is the V2 rocket designed by the Germans during World War II, as much of the technology that put spacecrafts in space came from this rocket. Another aspect that is going to be

Barely even half a decade after World War II, the world would again enter a war of a different nature where tensions between United States and Soviet Union would continue to rise as both sides threatened to use weaponry that if used would evidently lead to mutual and total destruction. Known as the Cold War, these two nations with their respective alliances, NATO and Warsaw Pact, would be in constant political conflict caused by their clashing ideologies and beliefs. In what would later be known as the Space Race, to stay ahead of the other in technological advancements these two nations would compete against each other in the exploration of the world beyond earth,serving as a showcase of more advanced rocket technology that could be applied

After WWII, the US and Soviet Union started to develop a new kind of missile program, not for aiming them at other countries, but aiming them at space, this period of time was known as the Space Race ( A Brief History of Space Exploration).America was launched into space because JFK knew the that America needed to restore its confidence and that America would not only meet with the soviets, but surpass them, and from that he made the goal of landing a man on the moon within the decade (Space Program). There were three main scientists from three different countries who started to design rocket engines for space travel. Those scientists were: Konstantin Tsiolkovsk from Russia, Robert Goddard from the US, and Hermann Oberth from Germany ( A

The theoretical value of the combustion of solid naphthalene was calculated by substituting their given values in the literature into equation (5) in place of their corresponding terms.

When I first started building my bottle rocket, I had two water bottles. The one I used for my bottom, I had to cut the top of it so the top piece could fit in it. Then I had to get some duct tape, and rapped it around the side where it was cut. Then I cut out four triangles but only used three. I got a hot glue gun and put it onto the triangle and placed it on the bottom part of the bottle. Then I painted it with turquois paint.

In order to truly understand space exploration, it is crucial to have a strong and accurate sense of background knowledge of the space race. The foundation of rocketry was built by Wernher Von Braun. Von Braun was the inventor of the rocket and the world’s first ballistic missile - the V-2 (The Hunt). In 1932, he tested his rocket in front of the military, only to have it fail (Bellis). Over time he was able to design and construct rockets that were able to function, like the previously mentioned V-2 rocket. The V-2 was an extremely deadly rocket; it travelled at 2,386 miles per hour with its load of one ton of high explosive (Trueman). The rockets were later used in World War Two. “About 1000 V2’s

The Cold War was a turning point in both technological advancements and education in the hard sciences. Because of the Cold War, it formed several competitions, including the Nuclear Arms race and the Space Race. The United States continued their space passion by opening the space shuttle program in January of 1972, twenty-five years after the Cold War began. During the space shuttle programs, NASA sent over 600 astronauts to space, along with numerous other satellites. NASA’s space shuttles consisted of mainly three components which included the two 185,000 pound rocket boosters, orbiter, and the 78,100 pound external tank. Within the external tank were the shuttle’s propellants, which was mainly consisted of liquid hydrogen fuel and oxygen

For the rocket we build the nose of the rocket first. To make the nose we cut the top portion out of the second two liter bottle. Then we will need to cut out a slit on the bottle in the shape of a rectangle. We made sure to leave one side attached to the bottle. We cut the very top of the nose and replaced the top with a half of a ping-pong ball for the tip of the nose. Then after the nose was dried we secured the ping pong with duct tape. In the inside we took the balled up clay and glued it down to the inside of the nose for stability . Then we started to make the wings. We cut the 2 large taperd fins out of the foam board and 2 smaller tapered fins . We then attached the wings that were covered in red duct tape for decoration to the

There are many principles that went into the succession of the bottle rocket launch. Some could include the amount of fuel exerted on the bottle rocket, and the angle of the rocket when launched. A large problem that occurred during launch was that only 4 tests were able to be performed. These were all contributing factors to the success of the bottle rocket. To start off, the main factors of physics that could explain how and why the bottle rocket did what it did could be pressure, velocity, mass flow rate, momentum, and inertia.

Our project is about which rocket fuel is better to launch a rocket: KNO3, KNO3 w/Fe203 or KNO3 w/Fe203 and HFCS (corn syrup). We found in your research that rocket have evolved from a firework rockets to huge machine able to get to space.We are test different mixture to found which propellent is suite to launch a rocket; KNO3, KNO3 w/corn syrup & KNO3 w/rust powder. Your hypothesis is if KNO3 w/powder rust then it will go higher. To make the rocket fuel mix the KNO3 w/sugar with a measuring cup:50 mL of KNO3 and 50 mL of Sugar,then get the stove to 4 then pour the mixture in the plan. About 5 mins use a wood spoon to mixture then 3 mins later the mixture will turn to a light brown mixture. Our experiment is looking at three things like how

America (United States) was competing against Soviet Union in the space race. Rockets are kind of like Newton’s 1st law of motion. The first law describes how an object acts when no force is acting upon it. So, rockets stay still until a force is applied to move it. Also, rockets are related to Newton’s third law. The reason