Proper Functioning of the Animal Body Is Essential for Good Health, Growth, Reproduction and Survival

1.1 describe the anatomy and physiology of the skin in relation to skin breakdown and the development of pressure sores.

1. describe the anatomy and physiology of the skin in relation to skin breakdown and the development of pressure sores

The immune system depends on the body’s structures to help it function. For instance, the skin acts as the “body’s first line of defense.” If a pathogen finds a breach in the skin barrier, it is the circulatory system that must now signal the immune system of the invader. Shortly after, white blood cells will be notified of the infection and will target and destroy the pathogen.

Protection – 3 different barriers: Chemical Barriers (skin secretion and melanin) Physical/Mechanical Barriers – continuity of the

Healthy and functioning skin barrier is important protector against dehydration, penetration of various microorganisms, allergens, irritants, reactive oxygen species and radiation. The skin barrier may be specifically adjusted to allow penetration. For this reason daily skin care may increase skin regeneration, elasticity, smoothness, and thus temporarily change the skin condition.

The integumentary system also known as skin; surrounds the entire human body therefore being the largest organ. The skin and its annexes like hair, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, nails, etc. The main functions of the integumentary system is to function as a protective barrier, that keeps our body free from intrusion of foreign materials, microorganisms and prevents dehydration as well as protecting from desiccation and there are other functions also helps in elimination of waste products and in the regulation of our body tempeture. There are many other functions of the integumentary system and each organ involved in this system has its own particular use

All organisms in the world have a range of systems and organs in their body. Some organisms may share similar body systems while others have absolutely nothing in common. Several of those organisms include humans, pigs, crayfish, and earthworms. From their mushy, gushy organs to their soft, gentle skin, you may think, “How are humans and pigs possibly alike? Or a crayfish and an earthworm?” In many ways they may not be, but in other ways, they are very much alike. The body systems that will be compared and contrasted of these organisms are the nervous, circulatory, reproductive, muscular, integumentary, digestive, excretory, and skeletal systems.

The Skin has numerous functions as it serves as a protective barrier, regulates body temperatures, controls water retention, and secretes sweat and so on. The anatomy of skin can be broken down into three different layers which include; the epidermis, dermis, and the subcutaneous tissue also known as the hypodermis. The purpose of this paper is to explain the relationship between the layers of skin and friction skin

The skin is the largest organ of the body and it acts as a waterproof protector for all of the internal organs, it is comprised of several layers including the Epidermis which is the outer layer and is a protective multi-layered self renewing structure which varies in thickness depending on which part of the body it covers. Under this is the Dermis, this is a layer of connective tissue which provides the skins elasticity and strength, it also contains sensory nerve endings, blood and lymph vessels, sebaceous and sweat glands. Under this layer is the Subcutaneous fat layer, this layer separates the skin from the underlying bone and muscle with a rich blood supply it also serves as an insulator and energy store. Pressure ulcers develop

The outermost layer of the epidermis is known as the stratum corneum, it is water resistant and when not damaged, it protects the body from foreign substances such as bacteria, virus etc. it also ensures the protection of muscles, blood vessels, nerves and internal organs. The skin is also thicker in regions that requires more protection such as the sole of the feet and palms.

The skin is one of the principal barrier instruments in your insusceptible framework. Little organs in the skin discharge oils that upgrade the hindrance capacity of the skin. Safe cells live in the skin and give the primary line of protection against diseases.

Our body is protected by skin epithelia that impose a physical barrier between the internal milieu and the external surface thereby provides the first line of defense against an invading pathogen. The epithelia comprises of skin and tubular lineage structures present in the respiratory, urinary, and gastrointestinal tracts and forms a tight junction that effectively seals the internal layer from the external environment. The importance of epithelia mediated protection is apparent in the case of wounds and burns wherein the epithelia barrier is breached, resulting in an increased severity of an infection.

The integumentary system is composed of the skin; accessory structures, such as the hair and glands; and the subcutaneous tissue below the skin. Skin is considered an organ because it is made up of several different kinds of tissue (Tamparo, 156). The integumentary system is designed to protect the body against infection, trauma, and toxic compounds. The skin may not seem like an important part of the body, but it's actually, very important. It holds receptors for sensations that are essential to individual wellbeing from birth to death. Skin acts as excretory organ and discharges foul smell in the form of sweat, through the sweat glands. It also helps maintain proper temperature of the body, protect the body, and also covers the bony cage

The first line of defense against any pathogens is provided by the anatomical and the physiological barriers. These barriers includes low stomach pH, saliva, intact skin, bacteriolytic lysosome in tears, vigouros mucocilliary clearance mechanism and other secretions. The chances of infections by pathogens increases as in case of severe cutaneous burns or in condition such as primary cilliary dyskinesia. In these conditions, we can see that both the innate as well as adaptive immune systems are unable to provide the same level of protection as the body’s anatomical and physiological barriers do.

In conclusion the skin plays an important role in the maintenance of homeostasis. It is an important barrier to infections, and diseases. The skin also plays a part in the feedback loop that regulates body temperature and synthesizes important vitamins for our