Proper Hygiene And The Healthcare Industry

Catheter related bloodstream infections are not only responsible for prolonged hospital stays and increased hospital costs, it is also responsible for increased mortality of the hospitalized patients. According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2017), an estimate of 30,100 central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) occur in intensive care units and wards of U.S. acute care facilities each year. CLABSI is a serious hospital-acquired infection that occurs when bacteria enters the bloodstream through central venous catheters. CLABSI is preventable as long as health-care personnel practice aseptic techniques when working with the catheter. A blood culture swabbed from the tip of the catheter is needed to confirm the

A two-year program called On the CUSP: Stop BSI was formulated in 2008 to prevent CLABSIs in hospitals nationwide and was organized as a state or region-level collaborative with centralized education, data collection, and program management functions (AHRQ, 2012). More than 1,000 hospitals and 1,800 hospital units, representing a total of 44 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico, participated in the program (AHRQ, 2012). The program structure included three main components: (1) a model to translate evidence into practice at the bedside to prevent CLABSIs; (2) the CUSP to improve the safety culture; and (3) a system to measure and report infection data (Sawyer et al., 2010). Results of the program revealed success in reducing CLABSIs nationwide by 41% from a baseline of 1.915 infections per 1,000 line days to a rate of 1.133 infections (AHRQ, 2012). With the nationwide success of the On the CUSP: Stop BSI program (AHRQ, 2012), the state of Hawaii embarked on their own study to determine if a national ICU collaborative to reduce CLABSIs would succeed in the state (Lin et al., 2012). The study, which began in January 2009 and ended in December 2010, included the CUSP, a multifaceted intervention approach to CLABSI prevention, and infection rate monitoring (Lin et al., 2012). Data was collected and reported from 20 ICUs representing 16 hospitals across the state (Lin et al., 2012). The results revealed the overall mean 9statewide CLABSI rates decreased 61% from 1.5 infections per 1,000 catheter days at baseline to 0.6 at 16 to 18 months post-implementation of the project, reinforcing the evidence that the On the CUSP: Stop BSI program can succeed in other states and substantially reduce CLABSI rates in hospitals (Lin et al., 2012). The success of the initial Hawaii study was the catalyst to conduct a second study in the state. This cohort study continued the national On the CUSP: Stop BSI program interventions, extended

Elimination of HAI’s are a top priority for many healthcare related organizations and as such, the reduction of certain types of HAIs have been achieved. On the national level, the HAI Progress Report states that there has been, “Au 46 percent decrease in central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) and a 19 percent decrease in select surgical site infections (SSIs) between 2008 and 2013” as well as “an 8 percent decrease in hospital-onset MRSA bacteremia and a 10 percent decrease in hospital-onset C. difficile infections between 2011 and 2013” (CDC, 2015).

Healthcare-associated infections from invasive medical devices are linked to high morbidity, mortality, and costs worldwide. Especially in central line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) or catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) and

Within this paper I will use a research article to assist with the research of CLABSI. The purpose of the article is to find preventable measures to help prevent CLABSI. CLABSI are becoming a major source of prolonged hospital stays within the critical population. Central line associated blood stream infections are known to prolong the length of hospital stay and increase cost and mortality by as

For instance, there are many different types of infections that occur in the intensive care unit (ICU), as well as various methods of prevention that patients, visitors, providers, and other hospital staff can practice. Of the many different types of infections that occur in these critically ill patients, catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) and central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) are two of the most serious infections, and they also happen to be the most

Signs of infection of the central venous catheter (CVC) site include redness, drainage, and the client will exhibit chills, fever, and an elevated white blood cell count (Ignatavicious & Workman, 2016). However, it is important to note that the incidence of CLABSIs in United States ICUs have decreased by 58% from 2001 to 2009, saving 3,000 to 6,000 lives as well as $414 million (Dumont & Nesselrodt, 2012). Some hospitals also report to have zero incidences of CLABSIs in their ICUs (Dumont & Nesselrodt, 2012). The pathogen that showed the greatest decrease was staphylococcus aureus (78% decrease), followed by Enterococcus (55% decrease), Candida (46% decrease) and Gram-negative bacteria (37% decrease) (CDC, n.d.).

There is an abundance of information identifying central line acquired bloodstream infection (CLABSI) as a serious adverse event during hospitalization resulting in increased morbidity, mortality, and health care cost. Present data from research indicates that CLABSI is the second most avoidable cause of death during hospitalization (Shah, Schwartz, & Cullen, 2016). The above concepts that CLABSI is preventable yet it continues to yield a yearly cost of 2.3 billion dollars and remains a quality metric for national offices such as Joint Commission indicates a foundation for research (Son et al., 2012). Upon the literature review, CLABSI rates were significantly reduced when specific techniques were implemented. Furthermore, all the articles

In the healthcare, evidence-based guidelines are utilized to prevent complications that can be very significant to both the patient and the healthcare in general. Having worked in different health care settings including, home-health, long-term care facilities, rehabilitation hospitals, long-term acute care, and acute care, I have come across various healthcare associated infections (HAIs). For my project, I will focus on prevention of central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs). I have seen the importance of central lines in management of patient care, be it in nutrition supplementation, hydration, or medication treatments in all the mentioned different settings. I have also encountered infected central lines and the risk they pose to the patients. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), CLABSIs result in thousands of deaths each year and billions of dollars in added costs to the U.S. healthcare system, yet these infections are preventable (CDC, 2010).

This shows a vast majority of infection cases are likely to be witnessed in the future if appropriate measures are not taken to curb the challenge. While the frequency of CLABSI outside ICU is not known, patients who are outside the intensive care units are equally at risk. However, Baker (2016) found out that the cases of central line infections in patients transitioned from ICUs to step-down units or outside the intensive care units had increased in some areas. The efforts to prevent the infections through research into the problems associated with CLABSI also represent substantial mechanisms in place to curb this health problem (Smith, Mba-Jonas, Tourdjman, Schimek, DeBess, Marsden-Haug & Harris, 2014).

As a hospital, quality care should be a priority for patients that are going to be treated for a sickness, or any type of procedure that is going to take place. A lot of times a patient gets an infection while they were at the hospital, on top of being treated for what they original came in for. Health facilities should be environments of healing, which they are, but they also have tons of various types of germs and infections, which grasp onto individuals that have weak immune systems/are sick. Some infections that are at hospitals are Tuberculosis, VRE, VAP, C-Diff, UTI, and MRSA. Preventive measures to stop the spread of the infections is lacking tremendously in the work and aim to provide safety for all patient’s health. The work

More than one million of Healthcare associated infections happen across healthcare settings every year, or 1 in 20 people admitted to any healthcare setting (Healthy people 2020, 2013). HAIs are the most common complication seen in hospitalized patients. HAIs increase morbidity, mortality, healthcare costs, and length of stay even after adjustment for the main underlying illness. According to the Center for Diseases Control (CDC, April 2013) 5 to 10% of patients admitted to acute-care hospitals, or long-term care facilities approximately 2 million patients per year in the United States acquire a nosocomial infection. At least 90,000 deaths per year are a result of HAIs, making it the fifth leading cause of death in acute-care hospitals. These

Central lines are often used or put in place in patients to prevent multiple IV access, administer fluids, medications, parenteral nutrition, blood products, and also for long term therapy treatments. Although, central lines are very useful for long term therapies, it can also result in infection if not properly cared for by healthcare providers and patients. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [(CDC)] (2012), central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) result in thousands of deaths each year and lead to increase costs to the U.S. healthcare system. Some of these bloodstream infections occur because central line catheters are not flushed properly, cleanse correctly, or dressed appropriately. The

There are multiple reasons that play into patients acquiring these infections. One of those reasons being the characteristics of the patients. For example infants, the elderly, people with compromised immune systems, and patients that have devices inserted for therapeutic purposes are all at greater risk to contract an infection (Feasey & Molyneux, 2011). The devices that are inserted for therapeutic purposes are a huge factor related to hospital acquired infections. Urinary catheters are the top device to cause an infection; in fact 97% of urinary tract infections are due to catheterization. 87% of people that obtain a bloodstream infection receive the infection from a central line. Lastly 83% of pneumonia acquired in the hospital is linked to the use of mechanical ventilation (Chang et al., 2011). Then there is the health care worker side that plays into effect. One of the number one reasons an infection is created or spread is because a health care worker did not properly wash his or her hands or their patient’s hands. This seems like an obvious way to prevent an infection but yet it still remains one of the top factors that leads to a hospital acquired infection. Hand hygiene is not the only hygienic issue. Health care workers do not always follow proper personal protective equipment guidelines. They may not always don gloves when

HAIs are usually unrelated to the original illness that the patient presents with. Studies have shown that hospital infections increase financial cost of care, morbidity, and mortality rates. Many causes can contribute to patients acquiring infections during a hospital stay. An increase of large number of patients with several diseases into a hospital with a decreased immune system, medical procedures that bypass the body's natural protective barriers, staff can carry pathogens from patients to patients, failure to follow preventative measures to prevent the spread of infection by staff, and a routine use of antimicrobials that creates resistance are just some of the few reasons why HAI occur (Revelas,