Properties of Human Language
There have been a number of attempts to determine the defining properties of human language and different lists of features can be found.
The following is a slightly modified list of features proposed by the linguist Charles Hockett:
1. Arbitrariness.
It is generally the case that there is no 'natural' connection between a linguistic form and its meaning. For the majority of animal signals, however, there appears to be a clear connection between the conveyed message and the signal used to convey it.
Arbitrariness of the symbols. Any symbol can be mapped onto any concept (or even …show more content…
2. Semanticity.
The signals in any communication system have meaning.
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
3. Pragmatic function. واقعي
All systems of communication serve some useful purpose, from helping the species to stay alive to influencing others' behavior.
4. Interchangeability. قابل للتبادل
The ability of individuals to both send and receive messages. Study Questions:
1. What is the property, which relates to the fact that a language must be acquired or learned by each new generation? 2. Can you briefly explain what the term
"arbitrariness" means as it is used to describe a property of human language?
3. Which term is used to describe the ability of human language-users to discuss topics, which are remote in space and time?
4. What is the term used to describe the fact that, in a language, we can have different meanings for the three words "tack", "act" and "cat", yet, in each case, use the same basic set of sounds?
5. A distinction is made between 'communicative' and
'informative' signals. No mention is made of the phenomenon known as 'body language'. Would 'body language', or other aspects of non-verbal signaling, be considered 'communicative' or 'informative'?
6. Hockett (1963) proposed that 'prevarication' could be treated as a property of language. In discussing this
-
Essay about How Do Humans Acquire Language?
1294 Words | 6 PagesHow Do Humans Acquire Language? Humans live in a world full of communication. Humans possess a native language that separates them from other animals. Language is developed within the first few years of a person’s life. By the time one is a child; he can speak and understand almost as well as an adult. Children world-wide exhibit similar patterns of language acquisition even though they may be learning different languages. How humans learn even the most complicated languages has perplexed the…
-
How Do Humans Acquire Language?
1332 Words | 6 PagesHow Do Humans Acquire Language? Humans live in a world full of communication. Humans possess a native language that separates them from other animals. Language is developed within the first few years of a person's life. By the time one is a child; he can speak and understand almost as well as an adult. Children world-wide exhibit similar patterns of language acquisition even though they may be learning different languages. How humans learn even the most complicated languages has perplexed the…
-
Summary/Analysis: Is Language the Key to Human Intelligence? Essay
653 Words | 3 PagesThe article Is Language the Key to Human Intelligence? , Written by David Premack a professor of psychology at the University of Pennsylvania, explains how humans have displayed their intelligence through language, unlike animals whose language, (any) hasn’t evolved at all. Premack uses examples such as grammar and syntax of the human language and explains the uniqueness and evolution of language over time. He claims humans have humans have six symbols system: “two that evolved- the genetic code…
-
The Origin of Language in Human Evolution Essay
1209 Words | 5 PagesLanguage is a complex system evolved from animal cognition system not from animal communication, suggesting that only humans with complex brain system were capable of developing (Ulbaek, 1998). Whereas other animal species communicate through vocalised sounds, songs, or gestures specially primates such as apes. Similarly gestures and hand gestures were the form of communication used by early hominids, but Homo habilis and Homo erectus started to use vocalisations and decreasing the frequent use of…
-
Acquiring the Human Language-Playing the Language Game
1025 Words | 5 PagesVideo Viewing Guide for “Acquiring the Human Language-Playing the Language Game” (in the Human Language Series) (Preview these questions before you watch the film. Take notes as you watch the film, then answer on a separate paper.) 1. What arguments in support of language as an innate ability are brought up in the film? This video is about a great mystery; how do children acquire language without seeming to learn it and how do they do so many things with so little life experience. 2…
-
Properties of Human Language
2044 Words | 9 PagesWhat properties differentiate human language from all other forms of signaling and what properties make it a unique type of communication system? There have been a number of attempts to determine the defining properties of human language and different lists of features can be found. The following is a slightly modified list of features proposed by the linguist Charles Hockett: 1. Arbitrariness. It is generally the case that there is no 'natural' connection between a linguistic form and…
-
Human Body Language Essay
693 Words | 3 PagesHuman Body Language When we think of human communication, what examples spring to mind? The internet? Books? The spoken word? Of all our forms of communication, one of most often forgotten (and least understood) is probably the humble art of body language: The indications we give off - generally unconsciously - by means of our posture, our gestures, our facial expressions, and even our clothes. It performs a different function to verbal language - verbal language is…
-
Study on the Falsities of Language and Human Interaction Essay
2773 Words | 12 PagesStudy on the Falsities of Language and Human Interaction This essay is an attempt to study the natural tendency of language to lie, and what it does to human interaction. I believe that we "colour" the "truth" in every occasion. One of the reasons for this is the referred natural tendency of language, others are social and psychological. In a way it is very human, it is something that our vigorous imagination forces us to do. One thing must be made clear: I do not consider this sort of lying…
-
Language and the Human Understanding Through Time Essay examples
1000 Words | 4 Pageswould we be able to understand our ancestors? Would we even be speaking the same language? Important questions about the definition of a language arise when temporal shifts come into play. Where is the line between a new language, and simply a dialect? Were Shakespeare and Chaucer writing in different languages? Does Barack Obama use a different dialect than George Washington did? The deciding factor of whether a language has evolved past the point of dialectical variation is mutual intelligibility…
-
Development of Human Language, Neurolinguistics and Psycholinguistics: Exmaining Studies on Feral and Isolated Children
1907 Words | 8 Pagesthat children will develop cognition, language and communication skills when they reach a certain stage in their life. In fact, various studies have been conducted regarding these aspects of human development. A common topic for debate is the issue of nature versus nurture, wherein some groups support the idea that language and cognitive development is as natural as breathing while other groups contend that external factors influence these characteristics of human progress. Researchers are given the…
More about Properties of Human Language
-
Essay about How Do Humans Acquire Language?
1294 Words | 6 Pages -
How Do Humans Acquire Language?
1332 Words | 6 Pages -
Summary/Analysis: Is Language the Key to Human Intelligence? Essay
653 Words | 3 Pages -
The Origin of Language in Human Evolution Essay
1209 Words | 5 Pages -
Acquiring the Human Language-Playing the Language Game
1025 Words | 5 Pages -
Properties of Human Language
2044 Words | 9 Pages -
Human Body Language Essay
693 Words | 3 Pages -
Study on the Falsities of Language and Human Interaction Essay
2773 Words | 12 Pages -
Language and the Human Understanding Through Time Essay examples
1000 Words | 4 Pages -
Development of Human Language, Neurolinguistics and Psycholinguistics: Exmaining Studies on Feral and Isolated Children
1907 Words | 8 Pages